How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jerolmack DJ. Planetary science. Pebbles on Mars. Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1055–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jones PA, Takai D. The role of DNA methylation in mammalian epigenetics. Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1068–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wieman CE, Adams WK, Perkins KK. PHYSICS. PhET: simulations that enhance learning. Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):682–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mondal M, Kamlapure A, Ganguli SC, Jesudasan J, Bagwe V, Benfatto L, et al. Enhancement of the finite-frequency superfluid response in the pseudogap regime of strongly disordered superconducting films. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1357.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simiu E. Design of Buildings for Wind. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Mason C, Rawlings-Sanaei F, editors. Academic Migration, Discipline Knowledge and Pedagogical Practice: Voices from the Asia-Pacific. Singapore: Springer; 2014. XXV, 218 p. 12 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Tveito A, Langtangen HP, Nielsen BF, Cai X. Nonlinear Algebraic Equations. In: Langtangen HP, Nielsen BF, Cai X, editors. Elements of Scientific Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 99–145. (Texts in Computational Science and Engineering).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Elephants Sleep The Least Of Any Mammal – Just Two Hours A Day. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Meeting the Aviation Challenges of the 1990s: Experts Define Key Problems and Identify Emerging Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-152.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Romer C. WhatsUpDoc: A Patient Portal Technology [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: In Hindsight; Texas-Size Failure. New York Times. 1992 Jul 18;111.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Informatics
ISSN (print)	0973-9254
ISSN (online)	0973-0397
Scope