How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Church JA. Oceans. A change in circulation? Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):908–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilkinson K, Hershko A. Irwin Allan Rose (1926-2015). Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):532.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caron JB, Morris SC, Cameron CB. Tubicolous enteropneusts from the Cambrian period. Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):503–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhu Y, Zhu LN, Guo R, Cui HJ, Ye S, Fang Q. Nanoliter-scale protein crystallization and screening with a microfluidic droplet robot. Sci Rep. 2014 May 23;4:5046.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brook MV. Ultrasonic Inspection Technology Development and Search Unit Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Brdar I, editor. The Human Pursuit of Well-Being: A Cultural Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. XIX, 271 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Chrysafiadi K, Virvou M. Evaluation. In: Virvou M, editor. Advances in Personalized Web-Based Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 91–114. (Intelligent Systems Reference Library).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics.

Blog post

Luntz S. Embryonic Stem Cells Cloned From Adult Skin. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Demand Distribution Rolodex Card. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Apr. Report No.: 154061.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Atwill RL. Evaluation of water and nitrogen management practices in southern US rice (Oryza sativa L.) production [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Revenue Jumps at Netflix As It Plans Spending Spree. New York Times. 2017 Oct 16;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Informatics
ISSN (print)	0973-9254
ISSN (online)	0973-0397
Scope