How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Flasar FM. Planetary science. Titan’s polar weather. Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1582–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walter P, Ron D. The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1081–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berger G, Graef F, Pfeffer H. Glyphosate applications on arable fields considerably coincide with migrating amphibians. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2622.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Choe SB, Acremann Y, Scholl A, Bauer A, Doran A, Stöhr J, et al. Vortex core-driven magnetization dynamics. Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):420–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smirnov BM. Fundamentals of Ionized Gases. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

Fan R, editor. Family-Oriented Informed Consent: East Asian and American Perspectives. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XII, 288 p. 4 illus. (Philosophy and Medicine; vol. 121).

A chapter in an edited book

Klingbeil H, Laier U, Lens D. Advanced Topics. In: Laier U, Lens D, editors. Theoretical Foundations of Synchrotron and Storage Ring RF Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 225–97. (Particle Acceleration and Detection).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Informatics.

Blog post

Davis J. Limb Regeneration Might Have Been The Original State For All Four-Legged Animals [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/limb-regeneration-might-have-been-original-state-all-four-legged-animals/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Interim Report on the Small Business Innovation Research Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Apr. Report No.: T-RCED-95-154.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

DiPasquale VL. A phenomenological study of industry professionals’ perceptions of ethics in the title insurance industry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Here’s a Solution. New York Times. 2016 Aug 7;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Informatics
ISSN (print)	0973-9254
ISSN (online)	0973-0397
Scope