How to format your references using the In Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for In Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

O’Neill LA. Retrospective. Jürg Tschopp (1951-2011). Science. 2011;332:679.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yan N, Chen X. Sustainability: Don’t waste seafood waste. Nature. 2015;524:155–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brad Adams J, Mann ME, Ammann CM. Proxy evidence for an El Niño-like response to volcanic forcing. Nature. 2003;426:274–8.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Richter DD Jr, Jenkins DH, Karakash JT, et al. Resource policy. Wood energy in America. Science. 2009;323:1432–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Flood JM. Practitioner’s Guide to GAAS 2014. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2014.

An edited book

Audet C, Hansen P, Savard G, editors. Essays and Surveys in Global Optimization. Boston, MA: Springer US 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Adriaenssens T. Basic Interpretation Skills. In: Jang I-K, ed. Cardiovascular OCT Imaging. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015:53–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for In Practice.

Blog post

Hale T. Students Launch Rocket With A 3D-Printed Engine. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/students-launch-rocket-totally-3d-printed-engine/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Distance Education: More Data Could Improve Education’s Ability to Track Technology at Minority Serving Institutions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Watson WA. Middle school students’ experiences on a science museum field trip as Preparation for Future Learning. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Irving J. It Takes a Commune. New York Times. 2017;BR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	In Practice
Abbreviation	In Pract.
ISSN (print)	0263-841X
ISSN (online)	2042-7689
Scope	General Veterinary