How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Dennis, “Genomics: compare and contrast,” Nature, vol. 426, no. 6968, pp. 750–751, Dec. 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Lewis and I. Tomlinson, “Cancer. The utility of mouse models in post-GWAS research,” Science, vol. 338, no. 6112, pp. 1301–1302, Dec. 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. R. Pawloski, D. T. Hess, and J. S. Stamler, “Export by red blood cells of nitric oxide bioactivity,” Nature, vol. 409, no. 6820, pp. 622–626, Feb. 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Liphardt, S. Dumont, S. B. Smith, I. Tinoco Jr, and C. Bustamante, “Equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements in an experimental test of Jarzynski’s equality,” Science, vol. 296, no. 5574, pp. 1832–1835, Jun. 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Kato, C. A. Handwerker, and J. Bath, Mitigating Tin Whisker Risks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

W. J. Bock, I. Gannot, and S. Tanev, Eds., Optical Waveguide Sensing and Imaging. in NATO Science for Peace and Security Series. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Chaudhary and A. Kumar, “Events in jQuery,” in Practical jQuery, A. Kumar, Ed., Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015, pp. 99–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Gecko-Inspired Climbing Paddles Allow A Man To Climb A Glass Wall,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/gecko-inspired-climbing-paddles-allow-man-climb-glass-wall/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Highway Infrastructure: Federal Efforts to Strengthen Security Should Be Better Coordinated and Targeted on the Nation’s Most Critical Highway Infrastructure,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-09-57, Jan. 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D. Garyan, “Converging origins: Never forget what happened in the future,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Lohr and L. Alderman, “The Fallout From a Global Cyberattack: ‘A Battle We’re Fighting Every Day,’” New York Times, p. A9, May 15, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.
ISSN (print)	1041-4347
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Information Systems