How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N. Gisin, “Physics. Quantum nonlocality: how does nature do it?,” Science, vol. 326, no. 5958, pp. 1357–1358, Dec. 2009.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. J. Peppe and D. L. Royer, “ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE. Can climate feel the pressure?,” Science, vol. 348, no. 6240, pp. 1210–1211, Jun. 2015.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D. G. Pearson, S. W. Parman, and G. M. Nowell, “A link between large mantle melting events and continent growth seen in osmium isotopes,” Nature, vol. 449, no. 7159, pp. 202–205, Sep. 2007.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Qi et al., “Characterization of a Phytophthora mating hormone,” Science, vol. 309, no. 5742, p. 1828, Sep. 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. E. McGrath, Luther’s Theology of the Cross. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

U. Brinkschulte, T. Givargis, and S. Russo, Eds., Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems: 6th IFIP WG 10.2 International Workshop, SEUS 2008, Anacarpi, Capri Island, Italy, October 1-3, 2008 Proceedings, vol. 5287. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5287. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Leikin, “What Do We Learn from Neurolinguistics?,” in The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, V. Ginsburgh and S. Weber, Eds., London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016, pp. 121–136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “FDA Approves Double Chin Shrinking Drug,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Transit Labor Arrangements: Most Transit Agencies Report Impacts Are Minimal,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-02-78, Nov. 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. M. Israel, “Student Extracurricular Participation, Student Achievement, and School Perception: an Elementary School Perspective,” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Greenhouse, “Justices Are Urged to Dismiss Padilla Case,” New York Times, p. 114, Dec. 18, 2005.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
ISSN (print)	1932-4545
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering