How to format your references using the IEEE Photonics Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Photonics Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Zhang, “Developing excellence: Chinese university reform in three steps,” Nature, vol. 514, no. 7522, pp. 295–296, Oct. 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Rossant and B. Hogan, “Retrospective. Anne McLaren (1927-2007),” Science, vol. 317, no. 5838, p. 609, Aug. 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Ekström, M. Nettles, and G. A. Abers, “Glacial earthquakes,” Science, vol. 302, no. 5645, pp. 622–624, Oct. 2003.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

F.-L. Ng et al., “Reduced graphene oxide anodes for potential application in algae biophotovoltaic platforms,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 7562, Dec. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. N. Henriksen, Scale Invariance. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

B. Deml, P. Stock, R. Bruder, and C. M. Schlick, Eds., Advances in Ergonomic Design of Systems, Products and Processes: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of GfA 2015. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. N. Tamin and N. M. Shaffiar, “Mechanics of Solder Materials,” in Solder Joint Reliability Assessment: Finite Element Simulation Methodology, N. M. Shaffiar, Ed., in Advanced Structured Materials. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014, pp. 45–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Photonics Journal.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, “Japanese Company Wants To Create Artificial Meteors For The 2020 Tokyo Olympics,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/space/japanese-company-wants-create-artificial-meteors-2020-tokyo-olympics/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Vehicle Safety Inspections: Improved DOT Communication Could Better Inform State Programs,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-15-705, Aug. 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D. T. Learn, “Differentiating instruction on the basis of cognitive tools: A case study of honors and mainstream middle school classes,” Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by, “Arts, Briefly; Chekhov in Bloom,” New York Times, p. E2, Jun. 06, 2005.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Photonics Journal
Abbreviation	IEEE Photonics J.
ISSN (print)	1943-0655
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics