How to format your references using the IEEE Photonics Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Photonics Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N. Holmes, “Immunology. A splicing switch for T cells,” Science, vol. 321, no. 5889, pp. 646–647, Aug. 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. R. Bianco and S. C. Kowalczykowski, “Translocation step size and mechanism of the RecBC DNA helicase,” Nature, vol. 405, no. 6784, pp. 368–372, May 2000.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Rogina, S. L. Helfand, and S. Frankel, “Longevity regulation by Drosophila Rpd3 deacetylase and caloric restriction,” Science, vol. 298, no. 5599, p. 1745, Nov. 2002.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y.-J. Jeon et al., “Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with superior reproducibility,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6953, Nov. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. A. Davis, Demand-Driven Inventory Optimization and Replenishment. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

K. Soetaert, Solving Differential Equations in R. in Use R! Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C.-C. Chiang and C. Bayrak, “Concurrency and Time in Role-Based Access Control,” in Advances in Information Security and Its Application: Third International Conference, ISA 2009, Seoul, Korea, June 25-27, 2009. Proceedings, J. H. Park, J. Zhan, C. Lee, G. Wang, T.-H. Kim, and S.-S. Yeo, Eds., in Communications in Computer and Information Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009, pp. 37–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Photonics Journal.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, “Hawaii Lava Tube Returns Days After Cliff Collapse,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/hawaii-lava-tube-returns-days-after-cliff-collapse/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Aviation Services: Automation and Consolidation of Flight Service Stations,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, RCED-88-77, Feb. 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P. Moua, “Differential functions of the kinesin-1 tail in Drosophila melanogaster transport processes,” Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, “Environmental Lawyer to Head Planning Board,” New York Times, p. LI2, Dec. 24, 2006.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Photonics Journal
Abbreviation	IEEE Photonics J.
ISSN (print)	1943-0655
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics