How to format your references using the IEEE MultiMedia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE MultiMedia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. S. Barnard, “Materials science: nanoscale locomotion without fuel,” Nature, vol. 519, no. 7541, pp. 37–38, Mar. 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Herzberg and E. Gazel, “Petrological evidence for secular cooling in mantle plumes,” Nature, vol. 458, no. 7238, pp. 619–622, Apr. 2009.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. del Campo, J. Goold, and M. Paternostro, “More bang for your buck: super-adiabatic quantum engines,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6208, Aug. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. E. Shulz, R. Sosnik, V. Ego, S. Haidarliu, and E. Ahissar, “A neuronal analogue of state-dependent learning,” Nature, vol. 403, no. 6769, pp. 549–553, Feb. 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Klöpffer, Verhalten und Abbau von Umweltchemikalien. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

I. H. Williams, Ed., Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Jones and M. Ryan, “The Dancer as Reflective Practitioner,” in Teaching Reflective Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Approach Using Pedagogic Patterns, M. E. Ryan, Ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 51–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE MultiMedia.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, “What The Fresh Hell Is This Gigantic Furry Blob?,” IFLScience, Feb. 24, 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fresh-hell-gigantic-furry-blob/ (accessed Oct. 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Tax Administration: Achieving Business and Technical Goals In Tax Systems Modernization,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-GGD-93-24, Apr. 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. J. Yang, “Adapting Korean Cinderella Folklore as Fairy Tales for Children,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

D. A. Kelly, “36 Hours | Williamsburg, Va,” New York Times, p. F5, Jun. 18, 2004.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1]–[4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE MultiMedia
ISSN (print)	1070-986X
Scope	Computer Science Applications Hardware and Architecture Signal Processing Software Media Technology

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