How to format your references using the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Butler, “Parasitology: Triple genome triumph,” Nature, vol. 436, no. 7049, p. 337, Jul. 2005.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E. F. Schubert and J. K. Kim, “Solid-state light sources getting smart,” Science, vol. 308, no. 5726, pp. 1274–1278, May 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Khan, H. Jain, and K. V. Adarsh, “Role of Ge:As ratio in controlling the light-induced response of a-Ge(x)As(35-x)Se65 thin films,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 4029, Feb. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. C. Wang, J. A. Kim, R. Sivasankaran, R. Segal, and Z. He, “P75 interacts with the Nogo receptor as a co-receptor for Nogo, MAG and OMgp,” Nature, vol. 420, no. 6911, pp. 74–78, Nov. 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. A. Strohfeldt, Essentials of Inorganic Chemistry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Y. Shiozawa, Artificial Market Experiments with the U-Mart System, vol. 4. in Springer Series on Agent Based Social Systems, vol. 4. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Balen, “Polycystic Ovary Versus Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,” in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Controversies, From The Ovary To The Pancreas, A. Dunaif, R. J. Chang, S. Franks, and R. S. Legro, Eds., in Contemporary Endocrinology. , Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008, pp. 37–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.

Blog post

[1]

K. Evans, “Could Eating Red Hot Chili Peppers Help You live Longer?,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/could-eating-red-hot-chili-peppers-help-you-live-longer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Geographic Information Systems: Information on Federal Use and Coordination,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, IMTEC-91-72FS, Sep. 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. C. Sink, “Exploring a high school community relations and parent involvement program,” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. J. O. Murphy, “Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times,” New York Times, p. C28, Jan. 02, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
ISSN (print)	2156-3381
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics