How to format your references using the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Macilwain, “Thrill of space exploration is a universal constant,” Nature, vol. 503, no. 7476, p. 313, Nov. 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Groisman and V. Steinberg, “Efficient mixing at low Reynolds numbers using polymer additives,” Nature, vol. 410, no. 6831, pp. 905–908, Apr. 2001.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Stach, J. Benard, and M. Giurfa, “Local-feature assembling in visual pattern recognition and generalization in honeybees,” Nature, vol. 429, no. 6993, pp. 758–761, Jun. 2004.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Gerber et al., “Single-cell analysis uncovers convergence of cell identities during axolotl limb regeneration,” Science, vol. 362, no. 6413, Oct. 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Radwanska, A. Stankiewicz, A. Wosatko, and J. Pamin, Plate and Shell Structures. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

T. Langenhan and T. Schöneberg, Eds., Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors: Molecular, Physiological and Pharmacological Principles in Health and Disease, vol. 234. in Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol. 234. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. S. Kemp, “Non-Mammalian Synapsids: The Beginning of the Mammal Line,” in Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear: Evidence from the Fossil Record, J. A. Clack, R. R. Fay, and A. N. Popper, Eds., in Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 107–137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, “Violent Volcanic Eruption In Costa Rica Smothers Capital City In Ash,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/violent-volcanic-eruption-costa-rica-has-smothered-capital-city-ash/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Financial Education and Counseling Pilot Program,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-11-737R, Jul. 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Sevier, “A preventative and treatment substance use program for GLBT adolescents in Long Beach: A grant proposal,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Hodara, “At Hopper’s Home, Legally This Time,” New York Times, p. NJ9, Dec. 01, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
ISSN (print)	2156-3381
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics