How to format your references using the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. D. Sachs, “Seeking a global solution,” Nature, vol. 430, no. 7001, pp. 725–726, Aug. 2004.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Y. Wang and S. Hekimi, “Mitochondrial dysfunction and longevity in animals: Untangling the knot,” Science, vol. 350, no. 6265, pp. 1204–1207, Dec. 2015.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. El-Ali, P. K. Sorger, and K. F. Jensen, “Cells on chips,” Nature, vol. 442, no. 7101, pp. 403–411, Jul. 2006.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. C. Cande, J. M. Stock, R. D. Muller, and T. Ishihara, “Cenozoic motion between East and West Antarctica,” Nature, vol. 404, no. 6774, pp. 145–150, Mar. 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. Kraehmer and P. Baur, Weed Anatomy. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

U. Y. Ogras, Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Network-on-Chip Communication Architectures, vol. 184. in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 184. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Winokur, “Molecular Markers in Breast Cancer,” in Updates in Diagnostic Pathology, D. C. Chhieng and G. P. Siegal, Eds., in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. , Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005, pp. 35–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, “Experimental Immunotherapy Treatment For Brain Cancer Hailed A Success,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/experimental-immunotherapy-treatment-brain-cancer-hailed-success/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Transit Benefit Program: DOT’s Debit-Card Internal Controls Are Designed to Be Consistent with Federal Standards,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-15-497, May 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P. R. Sherwin, “The disconnection between high school and college: A study of retention of students who are at risk of leaving college before completing a degree,” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, “Firefighters Museum Plans to Expand Again,” New York Times, p. LI11, Mar. 09, 2008.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
ISSN (print)	1058-6180
Scope