How to format your references using the IBM Journal of Research and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IBM Journal of Research and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. P. Brenner, “Fluid mechanics. Jets from a singular surface,” Nature, vol. 403, no. 6768, pp. 377–378, Jan. 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. L. Levine and C. H. June, “Perspective: assembly line immunotherapy,” Nature, vol. 498, no. 7455, p. S17, Jun. 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. E. Duderstadt, K. Chuang, and J. M. Berger, “DNA stretching by bacterial initiators promotes replication origin opening,” Nature, vol. 478, no. 7368, pp. 209–213, Oct. 2011.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. M. Boorum, Y. V. Vasil’ev, T. Drewello, and L. T. Scott, “Groundwork for a rational synthesis of C60: cyclodehydrogenation of a C60H30 polyarene,” Science, vol. 294, no. 5543, pp. 828–831, Oct. 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. I. Bagrintseva, Carbonate Reservoir Rocks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015.

An edited book

[1]

G. Steinhoff, Ed., Regenerative Medicine: From Protocol to Patient, 2nd ed. 2013. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. C. Barr and A. van Oosterom, “Genesis of the Electrocardiogram,” in Comprehensive Electrocardiology, P. W. Macfarlane, A. van Oosterom, O. Pahlm, P. Kligfield, M. Janse, and J. Camm, Eds., London: Springer, 2010, pp. 167–190.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IBM Journal of Research and Development.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Almost 150 Of Our Genes May Have Come From Microbes,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/almost-150-our-genes-may-have-come-microbes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Fund Accountability: Procedures Used for Selected Benefit/Mandatory Spending Programs Are Adequate,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, AFMD-88-30, Jan. 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. A. Reitz, “Nonlinear Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Applications to Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

A. Mancuso and B. Mueller, “2 Workers Die When Backyard Fuel Tank Explodes in Westchester County,” New York Times, p. A19, May 08, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IBM Journal of Research and Development
Abbreviation	IBM J. Res. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0018-8646
Scope	General Computer Science