How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P.: Guiding hands, Nature, 434, 801, 2005.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lewinsohn, T. M. and Cagnolo, L.: Ecology. Keystones in a tangled bank, Science, 335, 1449–1451, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeong, K.-H., Kim, J., and Lee, L. P.: Biologically inspired artificial compound eyes, Science, 312, 557–561, 2006.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Pál, C., Papp, B., Lercher, M. J., Csermely, P., Oliver, S. G., and Hurst, L. D.: Chance and necessity in the evolution of minimal metabolic networks, Nature, 440, 667–670, 2006.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davies, J.: Implementing SSL/TLS Using Cryptography and PKI, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA, 2010.

An edited book

Abrate, S. (Ed.): Impact Engineering of Composite Structures, Springer, Vienna, VII, 403 p pp., 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

van der Aalst, W. M. P.: Decomposing Process Mining Problems Using Passages, in: Application and Theory of Petri Nets: 33rd International Conference, PETRI NETS 2012, Hamburg, Germany, June 25-29, 2012. Proceedings, edited by: Haddad, S. and Pomello, L., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 72–91, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions.

Blog post

Stand-up Comedians Are More Likely To Die Prematurely, With The Funniest Most Likely To Go First: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/standup-comedians-are-more-likely-to-die-prematurely-with-the-funniest-most-likely-to-go-first/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Acid Rain: Federal Research Into Effects on Waters and Forests, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dodge, T.: The effects of interactivity and visual realism on children’s cognitive empathy toward narrative characters, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W.: Claiming Fraud in A.I.G. Bailout, Whistle-Blower Lawsuit Names 3 Companies, New York Times, 5th May, B6, 2011.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik, 2005; Lewinsohn and Cagnolo, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lewinsohn and Cagnolo, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Pál et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-2116
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Earth-Surface Processes