How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harris, D. N.: Education. Value-added measures and the future of educational accountability, Science, 333, 826–827, 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gallotti, R. and Barthelemy, M.: Anatomy and efficiency of urban multimodal mobility, Sci. Rep., 4, 6911, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, J., Mei, Y., and Hicks, D.: Science communication. Comment on “Quantifying long-term scientific impact,” Science, 345, 149, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Li, B., Friston, K. J., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, G., Cao, F., Su, L., Yao, S., Lu, H., and Hu, D.: Impaired frontal-basal ganglia connectivity in adolescents with internet addiction, Sci. Rep., 4, 5027, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Beagle, J. R.: Surgical Essentials of Immediate Implant Dentistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., West Sussex, UK, 2013.

An edited book

Hockenbery, D. M. (Ed.): Mitochondria and Cell Death, Springer, New York, NY, XIV, 232 p. 26 illus., 23 illus. in color pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bakhtadze, N. N. and Lototsky, V. A.: Knowledge-Based Models of Nonlinear Systems Based on Inductive Learning, in: New Frontiers in Information and Production Systems Modelling and Analysis: Incentive Mechanisms, Competence Management, Knowledge-based Production, edited by: Różewski, P., Novikov, D., Bakhtadze, N., and Zaikin, O., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 85–104, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions.

Blog post

Blind Termites Tiptoe Past Watchful Ants:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: The Legislative Focus on Federal ADP Procurement and GAO’s Role, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dues, P. M.: Quantitative correlation of enterprise resource planning type, success, and technology leadership style in local government, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G.: Coach Follows His Father While Leading His Way, New York Times, 2nd June, B11, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Harris, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Gallotti and Barthelemy, 2014; Harris, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gallotti and Barthelemy, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-2116
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Earth-Surface Processes