How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harvey, J.: The natural economy, Nature, 413, 463, 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lotti, M. and Nicotera, P.: Toxicology: a risky business, Nature, 416, 481, 2002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kogan, A., Amasha, S., and Kastner, M. A.: Photon-induced Kondo satellites in a single-electron transistor, Science, 304, 1293–1295, 2004.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Dong, W., Sun, C., Wang, H., Song, A., He, L., Fang, W., Chen, F., and Teng, N.: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of embryo abortion during chrysanthemum cross breeding, Sci. Rep., 4, 6536, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Estampe, D.: Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Lucignani, G. (Ed.): Sperimentazione e registrazione dei radiofarmaci: Normative e procedure, Springer, Milano, XIV, 177 pagg pp., 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Lepisto, E.: Azerbaijan, in: The Education Systems of Europe, edited by: Hörner, W., Döbert, H., Reuter, L. R., and Kopp, B. von, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 61–76, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions.

Blog post

There Probably Won’t Be A “Mini Ice Age” In 15 Years: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mini-ice-age-not-reason-ignore-global-warming/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Career and Technical Education: States Have Broad Flexibility in Implementing Perkins IV, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ji, Y.: Dynamic Genetic Control: Manipulating Cell Behaviors Using Heat, Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W.: Failed Talks Raise Specter of Biggest Default in Puerto Rico Crisis, New York Times, 24th January, A15, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Harvey, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Harvey, 2001; Lotti and Nicotera, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lotti and Nicotera, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-2116
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Earth-Surface Processes