How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dauphas, N.: The U/Th production ratio and the age of the Milky Way from meteorites and Galactic halo stars, Nature, 435, 1203–1205, 2005.

A journal article with 2 authors

He, S. and MacLeod, D. I.: Orientation-selective adaptation and tilt after-effect from invisible patterns, Nature, 411, 473–476, 2001.

A journal article with 3 authors

Antón, S. C., Potts, R., and Aiello, L. C.: Human evolution. Evolution of early Homo: an integrated biological perspective, Science, 345, 1236828, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Chakraborty, S., Ahmed, M., Jackson, T. L., and Thiemens, M. H.: Experimental test of self-shielding in vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of CO, Science, 321, 1328–1331, 2008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wagner-Martin, L.: A History of American Literature, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2012.

An edited book

Ruffert, M.: The Global Administrative Law of Science, edited by: Steinecke, S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, X, 146 p pp., 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Bordogna, G. and Sterlacchini, S.: A Multi Criteria Group Decision Making Process Based on the Soft Fusion of Coherent Evaluations of Spatial alternatives, in: Recent Developments and New Directions in Soft Computing, edited by: Zadeh, L. A., Abbasov, A. M., Yager, R. R., Shahbazova, S. N., and Reformat, M. Z., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 65–79, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.

Blog post

240-Million-Year-Old “Grandfather Turtle” Was Just Starting to Have a Shell: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/240-million-year-old-grandfather-turtle-was-just-starting-have-shell/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Aviation Workforce: Current and Future Availability of Aviation Engineering and Maintenance Professionals, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barta, M. E.: Culture, customer-centricity, and customer relationship management in an online postsecondary learning institution, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L.: Justices Reject ‘Class of One’ Argument, New York Times, 10th June, A17, 2008.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dauphas, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Dauphas, 2005; He and MacLeod, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (He and MacLeod, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chakraborty et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1027-5606
ISSN (online)	1607-7938
Scope