How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grady, E. F.: Cell signaling. Beta-arrestin, a two-fisted terminator, Science, 315, 605–606, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Minamino, T. and Namba, K.: Distinct roles of the FliI ATPase and proton motive force in bacterial flagellar protein export, Nature, 451, 485–488, 2008.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schaedler, T. A., Jacobsen, A. J., and Carter, W. B.: Materials science. Toward lighter, stiffer materials, Science, 341, 1181–1182, 2013.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Zhou, Y., Castonguay, P., Sidhom, E.-H., Clark, A. R., Dvela-Levitt, M., Kim, S., Sieber, J., Wieder, N., Jung, J. Y., Andreeva, S., Reichardt, J., Dubois, F., Hoffmann, S. C., Basgen, J. M., Montesinos, M. S., Weins, A., Johnson, A. C., Lander, E. S., Garrett, M. R., Hopkins, C. R., and Greka, A.: A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models, Science, 358, 1332–1336, 2017.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Borgen, U. J. and Nakrem, H. A.: Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

Raoux, S. and Wuttig, M. (Eds.): Phase Change Materials, 1st ed., Springer US, Boston, MA, XX, 430 p. 260 illus pp., 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Goeman, J. J.: Randomness and the Games of Science, in: The Challenge of Chance: A Multidisciplinary Approach from Science and the Humanities, edited by: Landsman, K. and van Wolde, E., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 91–109, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.

Blog post

Humans Are Driving A New Burst Of Evolution Including Possibly Our Own: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/humans-are-driving-a-new-burst-of-evolution-including-possibly-our-own/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Highway Trust Fund: Improved Solvency Mechanisms and Communication Needed to Help Avoid Shortfalls in the Highway Account, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Scaramella, J.: Physical activity and red light foods consumed in ASPIRE-VA veterans, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loewenstein, G. and Ubel, P.: Economics Behaving Badly, New York Times, 15th July, A31, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grady, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Grady, 2007; Minamino and Namba, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Minamino and Namba, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al., 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1027-5606
ISSN (online)	1607-7938
Scope