How to format your references using the Medicina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Zeng N. Atmospheric science. Drought in the Sahel. Science 2003;302:999–1000.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Long M, Thornton K. Gene duplication and evolution. Science 2001;293:1551.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Udem T, Holzwarth R, Hänsch TW. Optical frequency metrology. Nature 2002;416:233–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rigoni M, Caccin P, Gschmeissner S, Koster G, Postle AD, Rossetto O, et al. Equivalent effects of snake PLA2 neurotoxins and lysophospholipid-fatty acid mixtures. Science 2005;310:1678–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hannon L, Clift J. General Hospital Care for People with Learning Disabilities. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Casadio C, Coecke B, Moortgat M, Scott P, editors. Categories and Types in Logic, Language, and Physics: Essays Dedicated to Jim Lambek on the Occasion of His 90th Birthday. vol. 8222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hansen FA, Kortbek KJ, Grønbæk K. Mobile Urban Drama – Setting the Stage with Location Based Technologies. In: Spierling U, Szilas N, editors. Interactive Storytelling: First Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2008 Erfurt, Germany, November 26-29, 2008 Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 20–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicina.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. How To Light A Candle With Smoke. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Noise: Costs of Phasing Out Noisy Aircraft. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Holbert M. Knowledge is power (KIP): Kinship caregiver support group program curriculum. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barnes B, Cieply M. Gettys Again Made to Cope With Grief in Public Eye. New York Times 2015:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicina
Abbreviation	Medicina (Kaunas)
ISSN (print)	1010-660X
Scope	General Medicine

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