How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlütter J. Therapeutics: new drugs hit the target. Nature. 2011;474:S5-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang Z, Wang J. Long-range hybrid wedge plasmonic waveguide. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:6870.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meierbachtol T, Harper J, Humphrey N. Basal drainage system response to increasing surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet. Science. 2013;341:777–779.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Favier F, Walter EC, Zach MP, Benter T, Penner RM. Hydrogen sensors and switches from electrodeposited palladium mesowire arrays. Science. 2001;293:2227–2231.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Takezawa K. Introduction to Nonparametric Regression: Takezawa/Introduction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Cudré-Mauroux P, Heflin J, Sirin E, Tudorache T, Euzenat J, Hauswirth M, Parreira JX, Hendler J, Schreiber G, Bernstein A, Blomqvist E, editors. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2012: 11th International Semantic Web Conference, Boston, MA, USA, November 11-15, 2012, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Gergs A, Classen S, Strauss T, Ottermanns R, Brock TCM, Ratte HT, Hommen U, Preuss TG. Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals. In: de Voogt P, editor. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 236. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 259–294.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Radiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Modafinil – The ‘Smart Drug’ Leading The Charge Towards A Future Of Neuroenhancement [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/modafinil-smart-drug-leading-charge-towards-future-neuroenhancement/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Answers to Independence Standard Questions (Superseded by GAO-12-331G) GAO-02-870G, July 2002. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dimapilis B. Service line extension: Acquisition of fluoroscopy equipment to supplement pain management procedures. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Friday File. New York Times. 2015;C25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Radiology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	2223-6619
ISSN (online)	2307-4620
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging