How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Closing the gaps. Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):382–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pomerantz RT, O’Donnell M. The replisome uses mRNA as a primer after colliding with RNA polymerase. Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):762–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dai L, Korolev KS, Gore J. Slower recovery in space before collapse of connected populations. Nature. 2013 Apr 18;496(7445):355–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Robert T, Vanoli F, Chiolo I, Shubassi G, Bernstein KA, Rothstein R, et al. HDACs link the DNA damage response, processing of double-strand breaks and autophagy. Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):74–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor FJ. Digital Filters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Leone MP, Knauf JE, editors. Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism. 2nd ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XV, 489 p. 104 illus., 69 illus. in color. (Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology).

A chapter in an edited book

Seibel MJ, Meier C. Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover – Basic Biochemistry and Variability. In: Adler RA, editor. Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010. p. 97–130.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Luntz S. First Primate’s Lifestyle All In The Ankles. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Farmers Home Administration: Half-Billion Dollar ADP Modernization Lacks Adequate Planning and Oversight. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Oct. Report No.: T-IMTEC-92-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cagle West M. Effective software engineering leadership for development programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines M. Asked for Data on Voters, States Give Trump Panel a Bipartisan ‘No.’ New York Times. 2017 Jul 1;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1027-8230
Scope