How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Blurred vision. Nature. 2002 Dec 12;420(6916 Suppl):A19, A21, A23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hennessy ET, Betley TA. Complex N-heterocycle synthesis via iron-catalyzed, direct C-H bond amination. Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):591–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Damasceno PF, Engel M, Glotzer SC. Predictive self-assembly of polyhedra into complex structures. Science. 2012 Jul 27;337(6093):453–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yusupova G, Jenner L, Rees B, Moras D, Yusupov M. Structural basis for messenger RNA movement on the ribosome. Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):391–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feldmann D. Social Movements For Good. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Mařík V, Lastra JLM, Skobelev P, editors. Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems: 6th International Conference, HoloMAS 2013, Prague, Czech Republic, August 26-28, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XII, 318 p. 125 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 8062).

A chapter in an edited book

Kerr CIV, Phaal R, Probert DR. Roadmapping as a Responsive Mode to Government Policy: A Goal-Orientated Approach to Realising a Vision. In: Moehrle MG, Isenmann R, Phaal R, editors. Technology Roadmapping for Strategy and Innovation: Charting the Route to Success. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 67–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Amazing Video Of Earth From Space, Set To A Pink Floyd Soundtrack [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/view-earth-space-set-pink-floyd-soundtrack/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Leadership and Systems Needed to Effect Financial Management Improvements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Mar. Report No.: GAO-02-551T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lanigan LG. Effects of Two Cancer Genes, HTLV-1 Tax and E-Cadherin, on Cancer Development and Progression [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hirshman L. Off to Work She Should Go. New York Times. 2007 Apr 25;A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1027-8230
Scope