How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohman T. Mathematics. Emergence of connectivity in networks. Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1438–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maselli V, Trincardi F. Man made deltas. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1926.

A journal article with 3 authors

Korobova F, Ramabhadran V, Higgs HN. An actin-dependent step in mitochondrial fission mediated by the ER-associated formin INF2. Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):464–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, et al. A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):337–42.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Patterson SJ, Radtke JM. Strategic Communications for Nonprofit Organizations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Øksendal B. Applied Stochastic Control of Jump Diffusions. Sulem A, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. X, 214 p. (Universitext).

A chapter in an edited book

Reymen I, Romme G. The Evolution of Design Requirements in the Trajectory of Artificiality: A Research Agenda. In: Lyytinen K, Loucopoulos P, Mylopoulos J, Robinson B, editors. Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective: Design Requirements Workshop, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 3-6, 2007, Revised and Invited Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 91–102. (van der Aalst W, Mylopoulos J, Sadeh NM, Shaw MJ, Szyperski C, editors. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew D. The Amazon’s Ancient Human History Is Written In Its Trees [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-amazons-ancient-human-history-is-written-in-its-trees/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Acquisition: Further Changes Needed in FAA’s Management and Budgeting Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-159.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stevenson J. Differences in physical activity behavior between insulin using diabetics versus non-insulin using diabetics [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N, Kishkovsky S. Russian History Gets a Makeover That Starts With Ivan the Terrible. New York Times. 2015 Mar 31;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1027-8230
Scope