How to format your references using the HKIE Transactions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HKIE Transactions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Schnabel J. Secrets of the shaking palsy. Nature. 2010;466(7310):S2-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jewitt DC, Luu J. Crystalline water ice on the Kuiper belt object (50000) Quaoar. Nature. 2004;432(7018):731–733.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ross RJ, Weiner MM, Lin H. PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in the soma. Nature. 2014;505(7483):353–359.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Duong B, Liu H, Ma L, et al. Covert thermal barcodes based on phase change nanoparticles. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5170.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lindahl D. Emerging Real Estate Markets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Klinger B. Enterprising Psychometrics and Poverty Reduction. Khwaja AI, del Carpio C, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

He Y, Dong J, Bai R. The Evaluation Model of Financial Competitiveness in Telecom Enterprises. In: Zhou Q, editor. Advances in Applied Economics, Business and Development: International Symposium, ISAEBD 2011, Dalian, China, August 6-7, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 24–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HKIE Transactions.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Blood Donors In Sweden Get A Text Whenever They Save A Life [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/blood-donors-sweden-get-text-whenever-their-blood-flows-another-human/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Charges for Launch Support Services Furnished by the Air Force to the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971. Report No.: B-168707. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Das A. Optimizing symbol timing, frequency spacing, and SNR estimation for communication systems [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barnes B, Koblin J. Disney Runs Toward Streaming. New York Times. 2017 Oct 8;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	HKIE Transactions
ISSN (print)	1023-697X
ISSN (online)	2326-3733
Scope	General Engineering