How to format your references using the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kieffer, J. (2003). Materials science. Not too hot to handle. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5615), 1998–1999.

A journal article with 2 authors

Courseaux, A., & Nahon, J. L. (2001). Birth of two chimeric genes in the Hominidae lineage. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5507), 1293–1297.

A journal article with 3 authors

Flores, I., Cayuela, M. L., & Blasco, M. A. (2005). Effects of telomerase and telomere length on epidermal stem cell behavior. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5738), 1253–1256.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Althorpe, S. C., Fernández-Alonso, F., Bean, B. D., Ayers, J. D., Pomerantz, A. E., Zare, R. N., & Wrede, E. (2002). Observation and interpretation of a time-delayed mechanism in the hydrogen exchange reaction. Nature, 416(6876), 67–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mix, P. E. (2004). Introduction to Nondestructive Testing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Holzinger, A., & Pasi, G. (Eds.). (2013). Human-Computer Interaction and Knowledge Discovery in Complex, Unstructured, Big Data: Third International Workshop, HCI-KDD 2013, Held at SouthCHI 2013, Maribor, Slovenia, July 1-3, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 7947). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Khangamwa, G. (2011). Detecting Network Intrusions Using Hierarchical Temporal Memory. In R. Popescu-Zeletin, I. A. Rai, K. Jonas, & A. Villafiorita (Eds.), E-Infrastuctures and E-Services for Developing Countries: Second International ICST Conference, AFRICOM 2010, Cape Town, South Africa, November 25-26, 2010, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 41–48). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, April 23). What Happened To The Oil From The Deepwater Horizon Spill? ‘Marine Snow’ Provides A Clue. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-happened-oil-deepwater-horizon-spill-marine-snow-provides-clue/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Tax Systems Modernization: Unmanaged Risks Threaten Success (No. T-AIMD-95-86). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahiko, J. (2017). Community Connections: Supporting Rural Youth with Disabilities Who Are Work-Bound (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2008, September 28). Growing More Diverse. New York Times, p. NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kieffer 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Courseaux and Nahon 2001; Kieffer 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Courseaux and Nahon 2001)
Three or more authors: (Althorpe et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
Abbreviation	Hist. Philos. Life Sci.
ISSN (print)	0391-9714
ISSN (online)	1742-6316
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) History History and Philosophy of Science

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