How to format your references using the Helgoland Marine Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Helgoland Marine Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Judson HF (2001) Talking about the genome. Nature 409:769

A journal article with 2 authors

Pizzarello S, Weber AL (2004) Prebiotic amino acids as asymmetric catalysts. Science 303:1151

A journal article with 3 authors

Batista FD, Iber D, Neuberger MS (2001) B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation. Nature 411:489–494

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Melyan Z, Tarttelin EE, Bellingham J, et al (2005) Addition of human melanopsin renders mammalian cells photoresponsive. Nature 433:741–745

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feyel P (2013) Loop-shaping Robust Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Chhieng DC (2007) Pancreatic Cytopathology. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Tsuruyama T, Yamanaka N, Kuwana K, et al (2012) Polarizing Beam Splitter Endoscope for Simultaneously Observing Front and Lateral View. In: Dohi T, Liao H (eds) Computer Aided Surgery: 7th Asian Conference on Computer Aided Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand, August 2011, Proceedings. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 29–37

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Helgoland Marine Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Japan Restarts First Nuclear Power Plant Since Fukushima Disaster. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/japan-restarts-first-nuclear-power-plant-fukushima-disaster/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Federal Education Funding: Multiple Programs and Lack of Data Raise Efficiency and Effectiveness Concerns (Supplemental Information to Testimony). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene J (2017) Recognizing the “Muchness” in Art Education: a Historical Analysis of Developments in Education and Art Education Since the 1950s and the Finding Your Muchness Photoshop Curriculum. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L (2014) Modernist Birds Can Roost Here. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Judson 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Judson 2001; Pizzarello and Weber 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pizzarello and Weber 2004)
Three or more authors: (Melyan et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Helgoland Marine Research
Abbreviation	Helgol. Mar. Res.
ISSN (print)	1438-387X
ISSN (online)	1438-3888
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science

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