How to format your references using the Helgoland Marine Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Helgoland Marine Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donlan J (2005) Re-wilding North America. Nature 436:913–914

A journal article with 2 authors

Wortmann UG, Chernyavsky BM (2007) Effect of evaporite deposition on Early Cretaceous carbon and sulphur cycling. Nature 446:654–656

A journal article with 3 authors

Li H, Li WX, Ding SW (2002) Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus. Science 296:1319–1321

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Burrows MT, Schoeman DS, Buckley LB, et al (2011) The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Science 334:652–655

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Manasreh O (2011) Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bourassa MG, Tardif J-C (eds) (2006) Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease, Second Edition. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Ruggiero V (2016) Corporate War Crimes. In: McGarry R, Walklate S (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and War. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 61–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Helgoland Marine Research.

Blog post

Andrew D (2015) What Happens When you put a Mouse in Mountain Dew for 30 Days? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/would-mouse-dissolve-mountain-dew-30-days/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Financial Management Systems: DHS Faces Challenges to Successfully Consolidate Its Existing Disparate Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dickens JR (2011) The experience of recovery from alcohol/drugs (AOD). Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wilson M (2017) A Respected Figure, Undone by His Lies. New York Times A22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donlan 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Donlan 2005; Wortmann and Chernyavsky 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wortmann and Chernyavsky 2007)
Three or more authors: (Burrows et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Helgoland Marine Research
Abbreviation	Helgol. Mar. Res.
ISSN (print)	1438-387X
ISSN (online)	1438-3888
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science