How to format your references using the Helgoland Marine Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Helgoland Marine Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barnard AS (2015) Materials science: nanoscale locomotion without fuel. Nature 519:37–38

A journal article with 2 authors

Monsonego A, Weiner HL (2003) Immunotherapeutic approaches to Alzheimer’s disease. Science 302:834–838

A journal article with 3 authors

Kirk PDW, Babtie AC, Stumpf MPH (2015) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. Systems biology (un)certainties. Science 350:386–388

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miwa K, et al (2002) Identification of a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes. Nature 417:182–187

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Exposito E, Diop C (2014) Smart SOA Platforms in Cloud Computing Architectures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Liu Z, Wassyng A (eds) (2012) Foundations of Health Informatics Engineering and Systems: First International Symposium, FHIES 2011, Johannesburg, South Africa, August 29-30, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Huang S (2008) Computational Complexity. In: Dutta R, Kamal AE, Rouskas GN (eds) Traffic Grooming for Optical Networks: Foundations, Techniques, and Frontiers. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 57–72

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Helgoland Marine Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Soft, Transparent Eggshell Gives Unprecedented Look At Embryonic Development. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/soft-transparent-eggshell-gives-unprecedented-look-embryonic-development/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) National Science Foundation: Need for Additional Icebreaking Research Vessel Not Demonstrated. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anthony PJ (2008) Determining courses of action for educational leaders to achieve Adequate Yearly Progress. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S (2016) Ugly Campaign Descended Into a Battle of Two Caricatures. New York Times P8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barnard 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Monsonego and Weiner 2003; Barnard 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Monsonego and Weiner 2003)
Three or more authors: (Hanayama et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Helgoland Marine Research
Abbreviation	Helgol. Mar. Res.
ISSN (print)	1438-387X
ISSN (online)	1438-3888
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science