How to format your references using the Heat and Mass Transfer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heat and Mass Transfer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C (2013) Stem cells: A time to heal. Nature 503:S4-6

A journal article with 2 authors

Sugarman J, Siegel AW (2008) Research ethics. When embryonic stem cell lines fail to meet consent standards. Science 322:379

A journal article with 3 authors

McSween HY Jr, Taylor GJ, Wyatt MB (2009) Elemental composition of the Martian crust. Science 324:736–739

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mejía-León ME, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, et al (2014) Fecal microbiota imbalance in Mexican children with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 4:3814

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fryirs KA, Brierley GJ (2012) Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bhushan B, Fuchs H, Tomitori M (2008) Applied Scanning Probe Methods VIII: Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kniesel G (2009) Detection and Resolution of Weaving Interactions. In: Rashid A, Ossher H (eds) Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development V. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 135–186

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heat and Mass Transfer.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) World’s Tiniest Deer Species Born At New York City Zoo. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/world-s-tiniest-deer-gives-birth-new-york-city-zoo/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Laboratory Research: Sales and Use Tax Costs to Build DOE’s Spallation Neutron Source Project. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lytle SC (2010) Giving voice to the past: New editions of select repertoire of the 26th Regiment Band, North Carolina troops, C.S.A. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) She Never Outgrew These Shoes. New York Times E6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heat and Mass Transfer
Abbreviation	Heat Mass Transf.
ISSN (print)	0947-7411
ISSN (online)	1432-1181
Scope	Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Condensed Matter Physics General Engineering

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