How to format your references using the Heart Failure Clinics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Clinics (HFC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nichols S. Experimental philosophy and the problem of free will. Science 2011;331(6023):1401–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lau WCY., Rubinstein JL. Subnanometre-resolution structure of the intact Thermus thermophilus H+-driven ATP synthase. Nature 2011;481(7380):214–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baram M., Chatain D., Kaplan WD. Nanometer-thick equilibrium films: the interface between thermodynamics and atomistics. Science 2011;332(6026):206–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Box JA., Bunch JT., Tang W., et al. Spliceosomal cleavage generates the 3’ end of telomerase RNA. Nature 2008;456(7224):910–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perera AH., Buse LJ. Ecology of Wildfire Residuals in Boreal Forests. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Hawksworth DL., Bull AT. Forest Diversity and Management. vol. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Gao Z. Integral Sliding Mode Controller for an Uncertain Network Control System with Delay. In: Wong WE, and Zhu T, editors. Computer Engineering and Networking: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Network (CENet2013). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 31–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Clinics.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Earth’s Oxygen Levels Continue To Decline. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earth-s-oxygen-levels-continue-to-decline/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DOD Overseas Schools: Compensation Adequate for Recruiting and Retaining Well-Qualified Teachers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bryant JD. The Investigation of Self-Determination in Students Participating in Higher Education with an Invisible Disability. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times 2017:C24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Clinics
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Clin.
ISSN (print)	1551-7136
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine