How to format your references using the Heart Failure Clinics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Clinics (HFC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolthers M. MINERAL CHEMISTRY. How minerals dissolve. Science 2015;349(6254):1288.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kang S., Douglas T. Biochemistry. Some enzymes just need a space of their own. Science 2010;327(5961):42–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scarf D., Hayne H., Colombo M. Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence. Science 2011;334(6063):1664.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ji X., Zhu Y., Chen M., et al. The modulation of grain boundary barrier in ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructure by surface polar liquid. Sci Rep 2014;4:4185.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brillson LJ. An Essential Guide to Electronic Material Surfaces and Interfaces. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Pogorzelski WA. Completeness Theory for Propositional Logics. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Sheehan W., Conselice CJ. Chimneys and Tubules of the Galaxy. In: Conselice CJ, editor. Galactic Encounters: Our Majestic and Evolving Star-System, From the Big Bang to Time’s End. New York, NY: Springer; 2015. p. 54–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Clinics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Cutting Emissions Through Biofuels Will Lead To Water Shortages – Study. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/cutting-emissions-through-biofuels-will-lead-water-shortages-study/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Public Community Colleges and Technical Schools: Most Schools Use Both Credit and Noncredit Programs for Workforce Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pyzdrowski JE. Experiences of Advisors/Mentors in Developing Leadership Emergence in a Post Conflict, Marginalized Society: A Phenomenological Study. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Staying on the Island, but Moving a World Away. New York Times 2014:SP4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Clinics
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Clin.
ISSN (print)	1551-7136
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine