How to format your references using the Heart Asia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Asia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maquet P. The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science. 2001;294:1048–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Konstantinides N, Averof M. A common cellular basis for muscle regeneration in arthropods and vertebrates. Science. 2014;343:788–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

Velicer GJ, Kroos L, Lenski RE. Developmental cheating in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Nature. 2000;404:598–601.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

LaHaye MD, Suh J, Echternach PM, et al. Nanomechanical measurements of a superconducting qubit. Nature. 2009;459:960–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ellis R. Language Teaching Research and Language Pedagogy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2012.

An edited book

Li X. Generalized Connectivity of Graphs. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bamias G, Pizarro T, Cominelli F. New Paradigms in the Pathogenesis of IBD. In: Cohen RD, ed. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2011:41–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Asia.

Blog post

Andrew E. Every Hour You Spend In Front Of A Screen Is Linked To Poorer Exam Results. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/every-hour-you-spend-front-screen-linked-poorer-exam-results/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Guaranteed Student Loans: Analysis of Insurance Premiums Charged by Guaranty Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bartenhagen J. Transitioning organizations for sustainability: Exploring the intersection of sustainability, worldview, and organization development. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M, Kourlas G. Rockettes’ Big Show For Spring Is Killed. New York Times. 2017;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Asia
Abbreviation	Heart Asia
ISSN (online)	1759-1104
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine