How to format your references using the Heart Asia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Asia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E. The class of 2005. Spain: a physicist keen to put things in order. Science. 2005;310:520–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Braithwaite J, Spruit HC. A fossil origin for the magnetic field in A stars and white dwarfs. Nature. 2004;431:819–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hamlin JK, Wynn K, Bloom P. Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature. 2007;450:557–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang C, Wong A, Zhang Y, et al. Common and unique cis-acting elements mediate xanthotoxin and flavone induction of the generalist P450 CYP321A1. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6490.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith JT. Methods of Geometry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999.

An edited book

Hornby GS, Sekanina L, Haddow PC, editors. Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware: 8th International Conference, ICES 2008, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2008. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Crowston K, Shamshurin I. Core-Periphery Communication and the Success of Free/Libre Open Source Software Projects. In: Crowston K, Hammouda I, Lundell B, et al., eds. Open Source Systems: Integrating Communities: 12th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 30 - June 2, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Asia.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Species of Frog Discovered. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-species-frog-discovered/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety Hazards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haradon CM. The ecological context of the Acheulean to Middle Stone Age transition in Africa. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M, Lehren AW. A Scandal Leaves Its Mark. New York Times. 2013;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Asia
Abbreviation	Heart Asia
ISSN (online)	1759-1104
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine