How to format your references using the Heart Asia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Asia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bagla P. PALEONTOLOGY: Team Rejects Claim of Early Indian Fossils. Science. 2000;289:1273a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koch C, Hepp K. Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature. 2006;440:611.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wood RA, Grotzinger JP, Dickson JAD. Proterozoic modular biomineralized metazoan from the Nama Group, Namibia. Science. 2002;296:2383–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kravchenko JE, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV, et al. Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin. Nature. 2005;436:735–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandra S. Energy, Entropy and Engines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2016.

An edited book

Strauß P-M. Proactive Spoken Dialogue Interaction in Multi-Party Environments. 1st ed. Boston, MA: Springer US 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Zakaria AF, Lim SCJ. Matching Rule Discovery Using Classification for Product-Service Design. In: Fujita H, Ali M, Selamat A, et al., eds. Trends in Applied Knowledge-Based Systems and Data Science: 29th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2016, Morioka, Japan, August 2-4, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2016:31–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Asia.

Blog post

Hamilton K. THC In Marijuana Delays Organ Transplant Rejection In Mice. IFLScience. 2015. (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improper Payments: Weaknesses in USAID’s and NASA’s Implementation of the Improper Payments Information Act and Recovery Auditing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Odom SA. Electronic health records: Overcoming obstacles to improve acceptance and utilization for mental health clinicians. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY J, Fitzsimmons EG. Ride-Sharing Apps See Potential Upstate. New York Times. 2015;A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Asia
Abbreviation	Heart Asia
ISSN (online)	1759-1104
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine