How to format your references using the Health Services and Delivery Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Services and Delivery Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dajani R. The Arab Spring offers hope but no quick fix. Nature 2011;477:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liechti R, Farmer EE. The jasmonate pathway. Science 2002;296:1649–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang D, Zhao L, Clapham DE. Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies Letm1 as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter. Science 2009;326:144–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Benesh EC, Humphrey PA, Wang Q, Moley KH. Maternal high-fat diet induces hyperproliferation and alters Pten/Akt signaling in prostates of offspring. Sci Rep 2013;3:3466.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kroupa VF. Phase Lock Loops and Frequency Synthesis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Lines M, editor. Nonlinear Dynamical Systems in Economics. vol. 476. Vienna: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Aronow ME, Singh AD. Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation. In: Singh AD, editor. Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 57–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Services and Delivery Research.

Blog post

Luntz S. New York Males Have More Aggressive Sperm. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-york-males-have-aggressive-sperm/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Spectrum Management: FCC’s Licensing Approach in the 11, 18, and 23 Gigahertz Bands Currently Supports Spectrum Availability and Efficiency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ortega S de. The Impact of Outcome Measurement on Non-profit Organizations: A Case Study. Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2006; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Higgins A. $24 Million Insurance Paid on Stolen Art. New York Times 2013:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Services and Delivery Research
Abbreviation	Health Serv. Deliv. Res.
ISSN (print)	2050-4349
ISSN (online)	2050-4357
Scope