How to format your references using the Health Care Management Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Care Management Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pagel M (2008) Rise of the digital machine. Nature 452:699

A journal article with 2 authors

Ferdinand NK, Opitz B (2014) Different aspects of performance feedback engage different brain areas: disentangling valence and expectancy in feedback processing. Sci Rep 4:5986

A journal article with 3 authors

Scarborough CL, Ferrari J, Godfray HCJ (2005) Aphid protected from pathogen by endosymbiont. Science 310:1781

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yoshida N, Oeda K, Watanabe E, et al (2001) Protein function. Chaperonin turned insect toxin. Nature 411:44

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frantzen AJ (2012) Anglo-Saxon Keywords. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Schneider DT, Brecht IB, Olson TA, Ferrari A (2012) Rare Tumors In Children and Adolescents. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Fournais S, Helffer B (2009) Constant Field Models in Dimension 2: Discs and Their Complements. In: Helffer B (ed) Spectral Methods in Surface Superconductivity. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, pp 51–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Care Management Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) Billionth Gamma-Ray Observed By NASA Fermi Satellite Instrument. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/billionth-gamma-ray-observed-by-nasa-fermi-satellite-instrument/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) National Airspace System: Transformation will Require Cultural Change, Balanced Funding Priorities, and Use of All Available Management Tools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Visweswaran K (2017) Face Recognition Technique for Blurred/Unclear Images. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) Film Series. New York Times C20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Care Management Science
Abbreviation	Health Care Manag. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1386-9620
ISSN (online)	1572-9389
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) General Health Professions

Research and Writing Guides