How to format your references using the Gynecological Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecological Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolfe JM (2005) Neuroscience. Watching single cells pay attention. Science 308:503–504

A journal article with 2 authors

Bull JJ, Parrish CR (2002) Microbiology. A binding contract for anthrax. Science 297:201–202

A journal article with 3 authors

Xue H-J, Li W-Z, Yang X-K (2014) Assortative mating between two sympatric closely-related specialists: inferred from molecular phylogenetic analysis and behavioral data. Sci Rep 4:5436

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Reijmers LG, Perkins BL, Matsuo N, Mayford M (2007) Localization of a stable neural correlate of associative memory. Science 317:1230–1233

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuehni RG (2012) Color. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ito Y (2014) Thought-Evoking Approaches in Engineering Problems. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Frere S, Slutsky I (2015) Calcium Imaging Using Transient Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging by Line-Scanning TCSPC. In: Becker W (ed) Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 213–224

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecological Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Incredible Preservation Of 125-Million-Year-Old Mammal Shows Soft Tissues And Hair. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/incredible-preservation-125-million-year-old-mammal-shows-soft-tissues-and-hair/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Better DOE Controls Needed Over Contractors’ Discretionary R&D Funds. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Waldron KD (2017) The Influence of Leadership Emotional Intelligence on Employee Engagement. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) The Nonpaying Audience Withholds Its Applause. New York Times 144

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecological Surgery
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1613-2076
ISSN (online)	1613-2084
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Surgery