How to format your references using the Gynecological Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecological Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Remer LA (2014) Atmospheric science. Just add aerosols. Science 344:1089

A journal article with 2 authors

Deane GB, Stokes MD (2002) Scale dependence of bubble creation mechanisms in breaking waves. Nature 418:839–844

A journal article with 3 authors

Nakatsuji S, Kiyohara N, Higo T (2015) Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature. Nature 527:212–215

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mabalirajan U, Rehman R, Ahmad T, et al (2013) 12/15-lipoxygenase expressed in non-epithelial cells causes airway epithelial injury in asthma. Sci Rep 3:1540

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dacey JS, Mack MD, Fiore LB (2016) Your Anxious Child. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sakawa M (2013) Linear and Multiobjective Programming with Fuzzy Stochastic Extensions. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Osawa T, Julimantoro S (2010) Study of Fishery Ground Around Indonesia Archipelago Using Remote Sensing Data. In: Sumi A, Fukushi K, Hiramatsu A (eds) Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 57–69

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecological Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) United Airlines will use Animal Poop to Power its Jets. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Quality Assurance: The Fastener Quality Act’s Small-Lot Exemption. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

BenVau L (2014) Effects of larval Nosema ceranae infection on adult honey bee (Apis mellifera) morphology and physiology. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2011) N.H.L. Is Playing on Its Home Ice. New York Times B14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecological Surgery
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1613-2076
ISSN (online)	1613-2084
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Surgery