How to format your references using the Gynecological Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecological Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cordes JM (2013) Astronomy. Radio bursts, origin unknown. Science 341:40–41

A journal article with 2 authors

Steltzer H, Post E (2009) Ecology. Seasons and life cycles. Science 324:886–887

A journal article with 3 authors

Aldaye FA, Palmer AL, Sleiman HF (2008) Assembling materials with DNA as the guide. Science 321:1795–1799

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dou D, Park JG, Rana S, et al (2013) Novel selective and irreversible mosquito acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for controlling malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. Sci Rep 3:1068

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benmammar B, Amraoui A (2013) Radio Resource Allocation and Dynamic Spectrum Access. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Kleinbaum DG (2012) Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text, Third Edition. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Mina M (2014) Strategies for Tracking the Origin and Fate of Odontoblasts and Pulp Cell Progenitors. In: Goldberg M (ed) The Dental Pulp: Biology, Pathology, and Regenerative Therapies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecological Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Puff Adder Attack In Slow Motion. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) [Comments on Applicability of Vacancies Act to Various Labor and Education Officers]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilson B (2009) Scale effects and the determinants of parcel subdivision: A discrete -time hazard analysis. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Detrick B (2017) Where Nobody Knows Your Name. New York Times D13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecological Surgery
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1613-2076
ISSN (online)	1613-2084
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Surgery