How to format your references using the Gut Microbes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gut Microbes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Diamond J. Archaeology: Sources of Chaco wood. Nature 2016; 529:31–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

KewalRamani VN, Coffin JM. Virology. Weapons of mutational destruction. Science 2003; 301:923–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barth JV, Costantini G, Kern K. Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces. Nature 2005; 437:671–9.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

deYoung B, Heath M, Werner F, Chai F, Megrey B, Monfray P. Challenges of modeling ocean basin ecosystems. Science 2004; 304:1463–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fulton BS. Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Addiction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Alepis E. Object-Oriented User Interfaces for Personalized Mobile Learning. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen H, Zeng L, Yao D, Gao Q. A Gaussian Dynamic Convolution Models of the FMRI BOLD Response. In: Wang J, Yi Z, Zurada JM, Lu B-L, Yin H, editors. Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006: Third International Symposium on Neural Networks, Chengdu, China, May 28 - June 1, 2006, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. page 21–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gut Microbes.

Blog post

Luntz S. Engine That Could Take Humans To Mars Set For Test In Space [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/engine-that-could-take-humans-to-mars-set-for-test-in-space/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Motor Carrier Safety: Modifying the Compliance, Safety, Accountability Program Would Improve the Ability to Identify High Risk Carriers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard-Skipper J. Leadership that promotes teacher empowerment among urban middle school science teachers. 2014;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Political Memo; A Changed Gore, With a Firmer Voice. New York Times1992; :A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gut Microbes
Abbreviation	Gut Microbes
ISSN (print)	1949-0976
ISSN (online)	1949-0984
Scope	Microbiology Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)