How to format your references using the Gut Microbes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gut Microbes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Woolston C. Breast cancer. Nature 2015; 527:S101.

A journal article with 2 authors

Butler S, Harrowell P. Factors determining crystal--liquid coexistence under shear. Nature 2002; 415:1008–11.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hwang H-W, Wentzel EA, Mendell JT. A hexanucleotide element directs microRNA nuclear import. Science 2007; 315:97–100.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Gleyzes S, Kuhr S, Guerlin C, Bernu J, Deléglise S, Busk Hoff U, Brune M, Raimond J-M, Haroche S. Quantum jumps of light recording the birth and death of a photon in a cavity. Nature 2007; 446:297–300.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Markley NG. Principles of Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Nguyen NT, Iliadis L, Manolopoulos Y, Trawiński B, editors. Computational Collective Intelligence: 8th International Conference, ICCCI 2016, Halkidiki, Greece, September 28-30, 2016. Proceedings, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hoffmann T. Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Human Life Form. In: Albers M, Hoffmann T, Reinhardt J, editors. Human Rights and Human Nature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. page 43–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gut Microbes.

Blog post

Luntz S. Copper Block Sets Record Cold Temperature. IFLScience2014;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Autism Activities: Agencies Are Encouraging Early Identification and Providing Services, and Recent Actions Could Improve Coordination. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez W. “Straight Talk” on preventing HIV program—a grant thesis project. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. How Murdoch Became the King of England. New York Times2017; :AR7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gut Microbes
Abbreviation	Gut Microbes
ISSN (print)	1949-0976
ISSN (online)	1949-0984
Scope	Microbiology Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)

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