How to format your references using the Gut Microbes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gut Microbes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fan X. Astronomy. Black holes at the cosmic dawn. Science 2003; 300:752–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poole A, Penny D. Eukaryote evolution: engulfed by speculation. Nature 2007; 447:913.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang G, Jarvis ED, Gilbert MTP. Avian genomes. A flock of genomes. Introduction. Science 2014; 346:1308–9.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Norimoto H, Matsumoto N, Miyawaki T, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Subicular activation preceding hippocampal ripples in vitro. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2696.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Héno R, Chandelier L. 3D Modeling of Buildings. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Allison ST, Kocher CT, Goethals GR, editors. Frontiers in Spiritual Leadership: Discovering the Better Angels of Our Nature. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Scheider S, Janowicz K, Kuhn W. Grounding Geographic Categories in the Meaningful Environment. In: Hornsby KS, Claramunt C, Denis M, Ligozat G, editors. Spatial Information Theory: 9th International Conference, COSIT 2009 Aber Wrac’h, France, September 21-25, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. page 69–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gut Microbes.

Blog post

Davis J. Eating Fish Linked To A Lower Risk Of Depression [Internet]. IFLScience2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/eating-fish-linked-decrease-risk-depression/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Serious Shortcomings in FAA’s Training Program Must Be Remedied. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gambini F. Leadership capacity for succession and sustainability in a family-owned private school. 2011;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. A Dominating Display at 14. New York Times2014; :B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gut Microbes
Abbreviation	Gut Microbes
ISSN (print)	1949-0976
ISSN (online)	1949-0984
Scope	Microbiology Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)