How to format your references using the Green Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Green Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Orr, Franklin M., Jr. 2009. “Onshore Geologic Storage of CO2.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5948): 1656–1658.

A journal article with 2 authors

Changeux, Jean-Pierre, and Stuart J. Edelstein. 2005. “Allosteric Mechanisms of Signal Transduction.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 308 (5727): 1424–1428.

A journal article with 3 authors

London, Alex John, Jonathan Kimmelman, and Marina Elena Emborg. 2010. “Research Ethics. Beyond Access vs. Protection in Trials of Innovative Therapies.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 328 (5980): 829–830.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Meehl, Gerald A., Warren M. Washington, William D. Collins, Julie M. Arblaster, Aixue Hu, Lawrence E. Buja, Warren G. Strand, and Haiyan Teng. 2005. “How Much More Global Warming and Sea Level Rise?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307 (5716): 1769–1772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anstädt, Torsten, Ivo Keller, and Harald Lutz. 2010. Intelligente Videoanalyse. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Hondeghem, Annie, Xavier Rousseaux, and Fréderic Schoenaers, eds. 2016. Modernisation of the Criminal Justice Chain and the Judicial System: New Insights on Trust, Cooperation and Human Capital. Vol. 50. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Gosling, Patricia, and Bart Noordam. 2011. “Designing Good Experiments.” In Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond, edited by Lambertus D. Noordam, 35–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Green Letters.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “What’s The Most Powerful Natural Disaster That The World Has Ever Experienced?” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Technologies Expected to Offer Safety Benefits, but a Variety of Deployment Challenges Exist. GAO-14-13. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gilbert, Christine. 2017. “Factors Associated With Dietetic Interns’ Knowledge of Sodium and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2005. “Advice to New Chief From the Lesser of Two Equals: Call Me Nino.” New York Times, November 9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Orr 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Orr 2009; Changeux and Edelstein 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Changeux and Edelstein 2005)
Three authors: (London, Kimmelman, and Emborg 2010)
4 or more authors: (Meehl et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Green Letters
ISSN (print)	1468-8417
ISSN (online)	2168-1414
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory