How to format your references using the Global Environmental Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Environmental Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Borhani, D.W., 2011. Comment on “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus.” Science 332, 1149; author reply 1149.

A journal article with 2 authors

Loayza, D., De Lange, T., 2003. POT1 as a terminal transducer of TRF1 telomere length control. Nature 423, 1013–1018.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tyler, R.H., Maus, S., Lühr, H., 2003. Satellite observations of magnetic fields due to ocean tidal flow. Science 299, 239–241.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ceci, M., Gaviraghi, C., Gorrini, C., Sala, L.A., Offenhäuser, N., Marchisio, P.C., Biffo, S., 2003. Release of eIF6 (p27BBP) from the 60S subunit allows 80S ribosome assembly. Nature 426, 579–584.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bragg, S.M., 2013. Accounting Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

An edited book

El Sawy, O.A., 2013. Business Modelling in the Dynamic Digital Space: An Ecosystem Approach, SpringerBriefs in Digital Spaces. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Christinat, Y., Moret, B.M.E., 2012. A Transcript Perspective on Evolution, in: Bleris, L., Măndoiu, I., Schwartz, R., Wang, J. (Eds.), Bioinformatics Research and Applications: 8th International Symposium, ISBRA 2012, Dallas, TX, USA, May 21-23, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 48–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Environmental Change.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Discovery Of Microbe-Rich Groundwater In Antarctica Could Guide Our Search For Life In Space [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/discovery-microbe-rich-groundwater-antarctica-could-guide-our-search-life-space/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Summary of United States Assistance to Jordan (No. B-179001). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shrank, S.M., 2017. ShareOne: An iOS resource application for caseworkers: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Steel, E., Koblin, J., 2017. Lawyer Says Fox News Is Under Investigation. New York Times B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Borhani, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Borhani, 2011; Loayza and De Lange, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Loayza and De Lange, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Ceci et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Environmental Change
Abbreviation	Glob. Environ. Change
ISSN (print)	0959-3780
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development