How to format your references using the Global Environmental Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Environmental Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard, C., 2013. Pathology: At the heart of the problem. Nature 493, S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rainey, P.B., Rainey, K., 2003. Evolution of cooperation and conflict in experimental bacterial populations. Nature 425, 72–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

Boyd, R.W., Chan, K.W.C., O’Sullivan, M.N., 2007. Physics. Quantum weirdness in the lab. Science 317, 1874–1875.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kimura, K.-I., Ote, M., Tazawa, T., Yamamoto, D., 2005. Fruitless specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the Drosophila brain. Nature 438, 229–233.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hirsch, H.L., 2005. Essential Communication Strategies for Scientists, Engineers, and Technology Professionals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Volterrani, D., Larson, S.M. (Eds.), 2013. Nuclear Oncology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Logan, C., 2016. Risk Formulation: The New Frontier in Risk Assessment and Management, in: Laws, D.R., O’Donohue, W. (Eds.), Treatment of Sex Offenders: Strengths and Weaknesses in Assessment and Intervention. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 83–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Environmental Change.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2017. Here’s What Could Happen To Earth Over The Next 500 Years If We Ignore Climate Change [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/heres-what-could-happen-to-earth-over-the-next-500-years-if-we-ignore-climate-changes/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Financial Management: Federal Aviation Administration Lacked Accountability for Major Assets (No. AIMD-98-62). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zinda, E.S., 2017. American Cerberus: Pit Bulls and Psyche in the United States (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J., 2016. HBO Renews 3 Series. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Willyard, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Rainey and Rainey, 2003; Willyard, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rainey and Rainey, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Kimura et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Environmental Change
Abbreviation	Glob. Environ. Change
ISSN (print)	0959-3780
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development