How to format your references using the Global Energy Interconnection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Energy Interconnection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Weintraub, Biomedicine: The new gold standard, Nature 495 (2013) S14-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Gupta, R.N. Zare, Spinning molecules to bits, Nature 407 (2000) 33–34.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

W.R. Turner, M. Oppenheimer, D.S. Wilcove, A force to fight global warming, Nature 462 (2009) 278–279.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Resta, T. Leoni, C. Barth, A. Ranguis, C. Becker, T. Bruhn, P. Vogt, G. Le Lay, Atomic structures of silicene layers grown on Ag(111): scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy observations, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2399.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

B. Misstear, D. Banks, L. Clark, Water Wells and Boreholes, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

J.-C. Falmagne, On Meaningful Scientific Laws, 1st ed. 2015, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Hatami-Marbini, M.R.K. Mofrad, Rheology and Mechanics of the Cytoskeleton, in: S.E. Spagnolie (Ed.), Complex Fluids in Biological Systems: Experiment, Theory, and Computation, Springer, New York, NY, 2015: pp. 187–205.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Energy Interconnection.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Health Check: What Are The Risks Of Drinking Before You Know You’re Pregnant?, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/health-check-what-are-the-risks-of-drinking-before-you-know-youre-pregnant/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Review of the National Center for Research in Vocational Education, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Obeng-Dompreh, The impact of servicemembers’ learning styles and computer anxiety levels on computer -mediated learning, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, A Rock Club Closes After a Four-Year Run, New York Times (2005) 14LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Energy Interconnection
ISSN (print)	2096-5117
Scope