How to format your references using the Brain Stimulation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain Stimulation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Miller JS. Obituary: Donald E. Osterbrock (1924-2007). Nature 2007;446:870.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Finke DL, Denno RF. Predator diversity dampens trophic cascades. Nature 2004;429:407–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Halazonetis TD, Gorgoulis VG, Bartek J. An oncogene-induced DNA damage model for cancer development. Science 2008;319:1352–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Luo W, Wang X, Meyers C, Wannenmacher N, Sirisaksoontorn W, Lerner MM, et al. Efficient fabrication of nanoporous si and Si/Ge enabled by a heat scavenger in magnesiothermic reactions. Sci Rep 2013;3:2222.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Al-Malah KIM. Aspen Plus®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Arthur DW, Vicini FA, Wazer DE, Khan AJ, editors. Short Course Breast Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Hypofractionation, Partial Breast, and Intra-Operative Irradiation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Manchanda S, Steemers K. Environmental Control and the Creation of Well-being. In: Rassia ST, Pardalos PM, editors. Sustainable Environmental Design in Architecture: Impacts on Health, New York, NY: Springer; 2012, p. 69–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain Stimulation.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. New Horizons Is Going To Visit Another Object After Pluto. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-horizons-is-going-to-visit-another-object-after-pluto/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Opportunities To Improve the Redistribution of the Federal Government’s Excess Automatic Data Processing Equipment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ku Y. Dealing with historical issues in Japan and Germany: Ruling coalitions, transnational activism, and conservative reaction. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Paulson M. Tomorrow’s Marquee Names. New York Times 2017:AR26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain Stimulation
Abbreviation	Brain Stimul.
ISSN (print)	1935-861X
Scope	Biophysics Clinical Neurology General Neuroscience

Research and Writing Guides