How to format your references using the Global Ecology and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Ecology and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ovid’ko, I.A., 2002. Materials science. Deformation of nanostructures. Science 295, 2386.

A journal article with 2 authors

Catlow, R., Fisher, A., 2011. Marshall Stoneham (1940-2011). Nature 471, 306.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feldon, D.F., Maher, M.A., Timmerman, B.E., 2010. Graduate education. Performance-based data in the study of STEM Ph.D. education. Science 329, 282–283.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sorek, R., Zhu, Y., Creevey, C.J., Francino, M.P., Bork, P., Rubin, E.M., 2007. Genome-wide experimental determination of barriers to horizontal gene transfer. Science 318, 1449–1452.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marteel-Parrish, A.E., Abraham, M.A., 2013. Green Chemistry and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sharma, S.K., 2006. Light Scattering by Optically Soft Particles: Theory and Applications, Springer Praxis Books. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, J., Mochly-Rosen, D., 2010. Regulation of PKC by Protein–Protein Interactions in Cancer, in: Kazanietz, M.G. (Ed.), Protein Kinase C in Cancer Signaling and Therapy. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 79–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Ecology and Conservation.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. The Five Most Poisonous Substances: From Polonium To Mercury [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/five-most-poisonous-substances-polonium-mercury/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Mission Budgeting: Discussion and Illustration of the Concept in Research and Development Programs (No. PSAD-77-124). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davenport, L.C., 2008. Behavior and ecology of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in oxbow lakes of the Manú Biosphere Reserve, Perú (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L.F., 2007. For Police Recruits, Training in Tolerance. New York Times LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ovid’ko, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Catlow and Fisher, 2011; Ovid’ko, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Catlow and Fisher, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Sorek et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Ecology and Conservation
Abbreviation	Glob. Ecol. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	2351-9894
Scope