How to format your references using the Geriatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geriatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russell, L.M. Atmospheric Science: Sea-Spray Particles Cause Freezing in Clouds. Nature 2015, 525, 194–195.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ikeda, T.; Ube, T. Materials Science: A Superelastic Organic Crystal. Nature 2014, 511, 300–301.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aoi, S.; Kunugi, T.; Fujiwara, H. Trampoline Effect in Extreme Ground Motion. Science 2008, 322, 727–730.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Söllner, C.; Burghammer, M.; Busch-Nentwich, E.; Berger, J.; Schwarz, H.; Riekel, C.; Nicolson, T. Control of Crystal Size and Lattice Formation by Starmaker in Otolith Biomineralization. Science 2003, 302, 282–286.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tiwari, A.; Gerhardt, R.A.; Szutkowska, M. Advanced Ceramic Materials; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119242598.

An edited book

10th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications; Herrero, Á., Sedano, J., Baruque, B., Quintián, H., Corchado, E., Eds.; Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; Vol. 368; ISBN 9783319197180.

A chapter in an edited book

Iqbal, T.; Welsby, P.J.; Howarth, F.C.; Bidasee, K.; Adeghate, E.; Singh, J. Effects of Diabetes-Induced Hyperglycemia in the Heart: Biochemical and Structural Alterations. In Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms; Turan, B., Dhalla, N.S., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2014; pp. 77–106 ISBN 9781461493167.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geriatrics.

Blog post

Taub, B. “Princess Leia Brainwaves” Help Consolidate Memories While We Sleep (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Need for More Effective Controls Over Computerized Payroll-Processing Operations; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1975;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang, N. Computational Studies on Biomolecular Diffusion and Electrostatics. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego: La Jolla, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Higgins, A. A Trail of Masterpieces and a Web of Lies, Leading to Anguish. New York Times 2013, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Geriatrics
Abbreviation	Geriatrics (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2308-3417
Scope