How to format your references using the Geoscientific Model Development Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoscientific Model Development Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dando, P. R.: Obituary: Alan J. Southward (1928-2007), Nature, 451, 28, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kimmins, S. and Sassone-Corsi, P.: Chromatin remodelling and epigenetic features of germ cells, Nature, 434, 583–589, 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takeuchi, N., Yamanashi, Y., and Yoshikawa, N.: Reversible logic gate using adiabatic superconducting devices, Sci. Rep., 4, 6354, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

He, W., Miao, F. J.-P., Lin, D. C.-H., Schwandner, R. T., Wang, Z., Gao, J., Chen, J.-L., Tian, H., and Ling, L.: Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors, Nature, 429, 188–193, 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gardi, F., Benoist, T., Darlay, J., Estellon, B., and Megel, R.: Mathematical Programming Solver Based on Local Search, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Akimoto, H.: Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics, edited by: Anoda, Y., Takase, K., Yoshida, H., and Tamai, H., Springer Japan, Tokyo, XVIII, 458 p. 197 illus pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Depaulis, F., Mousset, S., and Veuille, M.: Detecting Selective Sweeps with Haplotype Tests, in: Selective Sweep, edited by: Nurminsky, D., Springer US, Boston, MA, 34–54, 2005.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoscientific Model Development Discussions.

Blog post

Japanese Skating Rink Shuts After Dead Frozen Fish Cause Public Outcry: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/japanese-ice-rink-frozen-dead-fish/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Weather Forecasting: Unmet Needs and Unknown Costs Warrant Reassessment of Observing System Plans, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krau, C. F.: A case study of congregational design and implementation of adult Christian education, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L.: In Seeking Taxes, New York Challenges India and Mongolia in U.S. Supreme Court, New York Times, 25th April, B3, 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dando, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Dando, 2008; Kimmins and Sassone-Corsi, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kimmins and Sassone-Corsi, 2005)
Three or more authors: (He et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Abbreviation	Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1991-962X
Scope