How to format your references using the Geoscientific Model Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoscientific Model Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sirocko, F.: Paleoclimate. What drove past teleconnections?, Science, 301, 1336–1337, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hittinger, C. T. and Carroll, S. B.: Gene duplication and the adaptive evolution of a classic genetic switch, Nature, 449, 677–681, 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

Discher, D. E., Janmey, P., and Wang, Y.-L.: Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate, Science, 310, 1139–1143, 2005.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Worm, B., Sandow, M., Oschlies, A., Lotze, H. K., and Myers, R. A.: Global patterns of predator diversity in the open oceans, Science, 309, 1365–1369, 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ahamed, S. V.: Intelligent Internet Knowledge Networks, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

Mousavi, M. R. and Berger, C. (Eds.): Cyber Physical Systems. Design, Modeling, and Evaluation: 5th International Workshop, CyPhy 2015, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 8, 2015, Proceedings, 1st ed. 2015., Springer International Publishing, Cham, VII, 147 p. 43 illus. in color pp., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Ogisu, T.: Pedagogy in Cambodian Schools, in: The Political Economy of Schooling in Cambodia: Issues of Quality and Equity, edited by: Kitamura, Y., Edwards, D. B., Sitha, C., and Williams, J. H., Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, 57–75, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoscientific Model Development.

Blog post

Men May Have Learned To Navigate In Order To Find More Mates: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/men-may-have-learned-navigate-order-find-more-mates/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Policy Guidance 1963-1986: Interview With Donald J. Horan, Eugene L. Pahl, and Allen R. Voss, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mendoza-Williams, J.: Road to success: The experiences of academically successful graduation-bound African American males, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Steinhauer, J.: Wounded Lawmaker Is Baseball Fan With ‘Soft-Glove Approach’ in House, New York Times, 14th June, A16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sirocko, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hittinger and Carroll, 2007; Sirocko, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hittinger and Carroll, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Worm et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoscientific Model Development
Abbreviation	Geosci. Model Dev.
ISSN (print)	1991-959X
ISSN (online)	1991-9603
Scope