How to format your references using the Sports Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grubb M (2012) Emissions trading: Cap and trade finds new energy. Nature 491:666–667

A journal article with 2 authors

MacCoun R, Perlmutter S (2015) Blind analysis: Hide results to seek the truth. Nature 526:187–189

A journal article with 3 authors

Yang L, Yang N, Li B (2013) Reduction of thermal conductivity by nanoscale 3D phononic crystal. Sci Rep 3:1143

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang N, Chen H, He H, et al (2013) Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Nb-doped SrTiO3 by nano-inclusion with low thermal conductivity. Sci Rep 3:3449

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pandya R (2005) Mobile and Personal Communication Services and Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bahadur B, Venkat Rajam M, Sahijram L, Krishnamurthy KV (2015) Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Volume I: Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement. Springer India, New Delhi

A chapter in an edited book

Jones E, Ryan M (2015) The Dancer as Reflective Practitioner. In: Ryan ME (ed) Teaching Reflective Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Approach Using Pedagogic Patterns. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 51–64

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Engineering.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Facial Expressions Don’t Have Universal Meanings. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/facial-expressions-dont-have-universal-meanings/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and Involvement of Key Users. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alexander RT (2017) Can the analytical hierarchy process model be effectively applied in the prioritization of information assurance defense in-depth measures? - a quantitative study. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S (2000) Offended Fan Wants Ashe Statue Moved. New York Times D6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Engineering
Abbreviation	Sports Eng.
ISSN (print)	1369-7072
ISSN (online)	1460-2687
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Modelling and Simulation Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

Research and Writing Guides