How to format your references using the Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benner SA. Comment on “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus.” Science. 2011;332(6034):1149; author reply 1149.

A journal article with 2 authors

Joseph SB, Swanstrom R. HIV/AIDS. A fitness bottleneck in HIV-1 transmission. Science. 2014;345(6193):136-137.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz W, Muttarak R, Striessnig E. Environment and development. Universal education is key to enhanced climate adaptation. Science. 2014;346(6213):1061-1062.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Uehara T, Nakamura T, Yao D, et al. S-nitrosylated protein-disulphide isomerase links protein misfolding to neurodegeneration. Nature. 2006;441(7092):513-517.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sundar V. Ocean Wave Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Pelcat M. Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping: A Dataflow-Based Approach for LTE ENodeB. Vol 171. (Aridhi S, Piat J, Nezan JF, eds.). Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Tirri H. Challenges of Urban Sensing. In: Fürnkranz J, Scheffer T, Spiliopoulou M, eds. Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD 2006: 10th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases Berlin, Germany, September 18-22, 2006 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2006:5-5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E. Four Things That You Should Know About The EPA Clean Power Plan. IFLScience. August 5, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/four-things-you-should-know-about-epa-clean-power-plan/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Improved Testing, Evaluation, and Performance Measurement Could Enhance Effectiveness. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hariharan SB. The Structure of the Blue Whirl: A Soot-Free Reacting Vortex Phenomenon. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wilson M. When the Job Is a Never-Ending Signal Malfunction. New York Times. June 20, 2017:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment
ISSN (print)	2352-3808
Scope	Computers in Earth Sciences Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality