How to format your references using the Geology of the Intermountain West citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology of the Intermountain West. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton, R., 2003, Threat of closure hangs heavy over primate centre: Nature, v. 423, no. 6939, p. 471.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilson, D.R., and Hare, J.F., 2004, Animal communication: ground squirrel uses ultrasonic alarms: Nature, v. 430, no. 6999, p. 523.

A journal article with 3 authors

Säterberg, T., Sellman, S., and Ebenman, B., 2013, High frequency of functional extinctions in ecological networks: Nature, v. 499, no. 7459, p. 468–470.

A journal article with 15 or more authors

Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Guo, J., He, Q., Li, H., Song, Y., and Zhang, H., 2014, Lactobacillus casei reduces susceptibility to type 2 diabetes via microbiota-mediated body chloride ion influx: Scientific reports, v. 4, p. 5654.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McPhee, P., 2012, A Companion to the French Revolution: Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Arnaldi, S., 2016, Responsibility in Science and Technology: Elements of a Social Theory (L. Bianchi, Ed.): Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of Technology, Science and Society, Wiesbaden, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of Technology, Science and Society, VI, 103 p. 5 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Manabe, N., 2016, Streaming Music in Japan: Corporate Cultures as Determinants of Listening Practice, in Nowak, R., and Whelan, A., editors, Networked Music Cultures: Contemporary Approaches, Emerging Issues: London, Palgrave Macmillan UK, p. 67–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology of the Intermountain West.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017, Scientists Identify The Genes Responsible For Cannabis’ Distinct Flavor: Online, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-identify-the-genes-responsible-for-cannabis-distinct-flavor/, accessed October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1976, Economies Available Through Consolidating or Collocating Government Land-Based, High Frequency Communications Facilities: U.S. Government Printing Office LCD-76-113.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Subramanian, K., 2003, Mechanisms and Effect of Microstructure on High Temperature Deformation of Gamma-TiAl Based Alloys: Columbus, OH, Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2014, High-Fives, Not High Reps: New York Times, p. B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dalton, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dalton, 2003; Wilson and Hare, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wilson and Hare, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zhang and others, 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology of the Intermountain West
ISSN (print)	2380-7601
Scope