How to format your references using the Geo-Marine Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geo-Marine Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mottron L (2011) Changing perceptions: The power of autism. Nature 479:33–35

A journal article with 2 authors

Stern A, Lindner NH (2013) Topological quantum computation--from basic concepts to first experiments. Science 339:1179–1184

A journal article with 3 authors

Waghmare PR, Das S, Mitra SK (2013) Under-water superoleophobic glass: unexplored role of the surfactant-rich solvent. Sci Rep 3:1862

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Balagaddé FK, You L, Hansen CL, et al (2005) Long-term monitoring of bacteria undergoing programmed population control in a microchemostat. Science 309:137–140

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jensen RC (2012) Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Buchmann JA (2013) Introduction to Public Key Infrastructures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Roca A, Oliveira CS, Ansal A, Figueras S (2006) Local Site Effects and Microzonation. In: Oliveira CS, Roca A, Goula X (eds) Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–89

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geo-Marine Letters.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) Japanese Experiment To Clean Up Space Junk In Orbit Encounters Problem. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/japanese-experiment-to-clean-up-space-junk-in-orbit-encounters-problem/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1980) Wider Use of Better Computer Software Technology Can Improve Management Control and Reduce Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson JG (2012) An Exploration of the Psychosocial Aspects of Weight Among College Students in the College Environment. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) A Smaller Garage Still Looms Large to Some. New York Times 146

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mottron 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Mottron 2011; Stern and Lindner 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stern and Lindner 2013)
Three or more authors: (Balagaddé et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geo-Marine Letters
Abbreviation	Geo-Mar. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0276-0460
ISSN (online)	1432-1157
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Oceanography Environmental Science (miscellaneous)