How to format your references using the Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. R. Meyer, Nature 482, 133 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. P. H. Beatty and A. G. Good, Science 333, 416 (2011).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. R. D. Gray, A. J. Drummond, and S. J. Greenhill, Science 323, 479 (2009).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. T. S. Mikkelsen, J. Hanna, X. Zhang, M. Ku, M. Wernig, P. Schorderet, B. E. Bernstein, R. Jaenisch, E. S. Lander, and A. Meissner, Nature 454, 49 (2008).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael, and R. Kohno, Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006).

An edited book

1. M. Winckler, H. Johnson, and P. Palanque, editors , Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design: 6th International Workshop, TAMODIA 2007, Toulouse, France, November 7-9, 2007. Proceedings (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007).

A chapter in an edited book

1. G. A. Alsos, T. H. Clausen, and E. J. Isaksen, in Entrepreneurial and Innovative Practices in Public Institutions: A Quality of Life Approach, edited by J. Leitão and H. Alves (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016), pp. 81–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines.

Blog post

1. E. Andrew, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, Coordination, Policy Development, and Implementation for International Telecommunications Facilities (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. J. Mendoza-Williams, Road to Success: The Experiences of Academically Successful Graduation-Bound African American Males, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. S. Dominus, New York Times MM20 (2016).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Abbreviation	Genet. Program. Evolvable Mach.
ISSN (print)	1389-2576
ISSN (online)	1573-7632
Scope	Computer Science Applications Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science