How to format your references using the Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. B. Julian, Science 296, 1625 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. M. Ouyang and D. D. Awschalom, Science 301, 1074 (2003).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. J. N. Weber, B. K. Peterson, and H. E. Hoekstra, Nature 493, 402 (2013).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. E. Metzger, M. Wissmann, N. Yin, J. M. Müller, R. Schneider, A. H. F. M. Peters, T. Günther, R. Buettner, and R. Schüle, Nature 437, 436 (2005).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. C. Anandharamakrishnan and S. P. Ishwarya, Spray Drying Techniques for Food Ingredient Encapsulation (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015).

An edited book

1. S. W. Golomb, M. G. Parker, A. Pott, and A. Winterhof, editors , Sequences and Their Applications - SETA 2008: 5th International Conference Lexington, KY, USA, September 14-18, 2008 Proceedings (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008).

A chapter in an edited book

1. I. A. Artyukov, A. S. Busarov, N. L. Popov, and A. V. Vinogradov, in X-Ray Lasers 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, 11–15 June 2012, Paris, France, edited by S. Sebban, J. Gautier, D. Ros, and P. Zeitoun (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014), pp. 19–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines.

Blog post

1. E. Andrew, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: The Proposed Performance Rights Act Would Result in Additional Costs for Broadcast Radio Stations and Additional Revenue for Record Companies, Musicians, and Performers (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. K. A. Klein, Vocabulary Acquisition via Cross-Situational Learning, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. S. Kishkovsky, New York Times B11 (2015).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Abbreviation	Genet. Program. Evolvable Mach.
ISSN (print)	1389-2576
ISSN (online)	1573-7632
Scope	Computer Science Applications Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science