How to format your references using the General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Laursen L. Interdisciplinary research: Big science at the table. Nature. 2010;468:S2-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lu J, Zuo Y. Neuroscience: Forgetfulness illuminated. Nature. 2015;525:324–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kelber A, Balkenius A, Warrant EJ. Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature. 2002;419:922–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yu Y, Yoon S-O, Poulogiannis G, Yang Q, Ma XM, Villén J, et al. Phosphoproteomic analysis identifies Grb10 as an mTORC1 substrate that negatively regulates insulin signaling. Science. 2011;332:1322–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Braudeau E, Assi AT, Mohtar RH. Hydrostructural Pedology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Case DT. The Scioto Hopewell and Their Neighbors: Bioarchaeological Documentation and Cultural Understanding. 1st ed. Carr C, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wang J, Zhang X, Su Q. Rare Earth Solar Spectral Convertor for Si Solar Cells. In: Liu R-S, editor. Phosphors, Up Conversion Nano Particles, Quantum Dots and Their Applications: Volume 2. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 139–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Body Hair Helps Animals Stay Clean – And Could Inspire Self-Cleaning Technologies. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Improvements Needed in NASA’s Estimating and Reporting of Program Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 May. Report No.: 093832.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mihalcin D. A comparison of the Children’s Functional Assessment Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist used in a wraparound program [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Poniewozik J. Failure Is an Art Form. New York Times. 2017 Oct 15;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1863-6705
ISSN (online)	1863-6713
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery