How to format your references using the General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hampsey M. Molecular biology. A new direction for gene loops. Science. 2012;338:624–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gilman SL, Glaze FE. History of science. “How science survived”--medieval manuscripts as fossils. Science. 2005;307:1208–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Jiang XF, Chen TT, Zheng B. Structure of local interactions in complex financial dynamics. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5321.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Brown WM, Cronk L, Grochow K, Jacobson A, Liu CK, Popović Z, et al. Dance reveals symmetry especially in young men. Nature. 2005;438:1148–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Padova T, Murdock KL. Adobe® Creative Suite® 5 Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Serdyukov P, Braslavski P, Kuznetsov SO, Kamps J, Rüger S, Agichtein E, et al., editors. Advances in Information Retrieval: 35th European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2013, Moscow, Russia, March 24-27, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zhu J, Wang J, Taylor M, Cox IJ. Risk-Aware Information Retrieval. In: Boughanem M, Berrut C, Mothe J, Soule-Dupuy C, editors. Advances in Information Retrieval: 31th European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2009, Toulouse, France, April 6-9, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 17–28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. How DNA Evidence Could Be A Game-Changer In Monitoring Freshwater Fish [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-dna-evidence-could-be-a-game-changer-in-monitoring-freshwater-fish/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airline Competition: Impact of FAA Legislation on Passenger Facilities Charges and Trust Fund Spending. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Aug. Report No.: T-RCED-90-104.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stewart AR. Entrepreneurial perception: A survey of graduates of a global management MBA program [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Read All About It, Every Day for 70 Years. New York Times. 2003 May 11;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1863-6705
ISSN (online)	1863-6713
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery