How to format your references using the Gene Expression Patterns citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gene Expression Patterns. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Graham-Rowe, D., 2011. Biodiversity: Endangered and in demand. Nature 480, S101-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Potter, N.E., Greaves, M., 2014. Cancer: Persistence of leukaemic ancestors. Nature 506, 300–301.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gahan, L.J., Gould, F., Heckel, D.G., 2001. Identification of a gene associated with Bt resistance in Heliothis virescens. Science 293, 857–860.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang, Y., Zha, G., Luo, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Li, Xiaohui, Zhao, S., Zhu, W., Li, Xiaodong, 2014. The construction of hierarchical structure on Ti substrate with superior osteogenic activity and intrinsic antibacterial capability. Sci. Rep. 4, 6172.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bécherrawy, T., 2012. Mechanical and Electromagnetic Vibrations and Waves. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Liu, Y., 2013. Chaos in Attitude Dynamics of Spacecraft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Camenisch, J., Haralambiev, K., Kohlweiss, M., Lapon, J., Naessens, V., 2011. Structure Preserving CCA Secure Encryption and Applications, in: Lee, D.H., Wang, X. (Eds.), Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2011: 17th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Seoul, South Korea, December 4-8, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 89–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gene Expression Patterns.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2013. The Most Amazing Photograph of Saturn Ever [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/most-amazing-photograph-saturn-ever/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. Financial Management Systems: Core Financial Systems at the 24 Chief Financial Officers Act Agencies (No. GAO-03-903R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zaghdoun, E., 2009. Entre lettres et portraits: Madame Du Deffand, auteur? (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hirsch, G.A., 2014. One Man’s Vision: Footrace in Five Boroughs. New York Times SP10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Graham-Rowe, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Graham-Rowe, 2011; Potter and Greaves, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Potter and Greaves, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Gene Expression Patterns
Abbreviation	Gene Expr. Patterns
ISSN (print)	1567-133X
Scope	Developmental Biology Genetics Molecular Biology

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