How to format your references using the Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball P. Life’s lessons in design. Nature 2001;409:413–416.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chameides WL, Bergin M. Climate change. Soot takes center stage. Science 2002;297:2214–2215.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dong J, Yang G, McHaourab HS. Structural basis of energy transduction in the transport cycle of MsbA. Science 2005;308:1023–1028.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Barra A, Contucci P, Sandell R, et al. An analysis of a large dataset on immigrant integration in Spain. The statistical mechanics perspective on social action. Sci Rep 2014;4:4174.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Louis J-P. Control of Synchronous Motors. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

Cordeiro J, Shishkov B, Ranchordas A, et al. eds. Software and Data Technologies: Third International Conference, ICSOFT 2008, Porto, Portugal, July 22-24, 2008, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Fontani M, Orna MV, Costa M. Chemists in the Period of the Institute for Higher Practical Studies and Specialization (1859–1924). In: Orna MV, Costa M, eds. Chemistry and Chemists in Florence: From the Last of the Medici Family to the European Magnetic Resonance Center. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:25–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew D. How Cute Things Hijack Our Brains And Drive Behaviour. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-cute-things-hijack-our-brains-and-drive-behaviour/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Energy: Advanced Technology Vehicle Loan Program Implementation Is Under Way, but Enhanced Technical Oversight and Performance Measures Are Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liburd-Shaddai JL. The experiences of remedial instructors at one urban community college: A case study. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nechepurenko I, Hubbard B. On Trip to Moscow, King Seeks Warmer Relations. New York Times 2017:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Gastroenterology
ISSN (print)	0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
Scope	Gastroenterology