How to format your references using the Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sekercioglu CH. Ecology. Functional extinctions of bird pollinators cause plant declines. Science 2011;331:1019–1020.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knight SW, Bass BL. A role for the RNase III enzyme DCR-1 in RNA interference and germ line development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001;293:2269–2271.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nielsen MH, Aloni S, De Yoreo JJ. In situ TEM imaging of CaCO₃ nucleation reveals coexistence of direct and indirect pathways. Science 2014;345:1158–1162.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhao C, Zheng W, Wang X, et al. Ultrahigh capacitive performance from both Co(OH)₂/graphene electrode and K₃Fe(CN)₆ electrolyte. Sci Rep 2013;3:2986.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hannam J. What Everyone Needs to Know about Tax. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Zeimpekis V, Ichoua S, Minis I eds. Humanitarian and Relief Logistics: Research Issues, Case Studies and Future Trends. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Hennigs N, Karampournioti E, Wiedmann K-P. Do as You Would Be Done by: The Importance of Animal Welfare in the Global Beauty Care Industry. In: Muthu SS, Gardetti MA, eds. Green Fashion: Volume 1. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Singapore: Springer; 2016:109–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Cuckoo Finches Spend Their Whole Lives Disguised As Other Birds. IFLScience 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cuckoo-finches-make-disguise-whole-life-activity/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Leveraging Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Agencies Better Manage Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schaff S. What characterizes and impacts student transformational learning in a community college work placement context. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hager EB, Mazzetti M. Emirates Secretly Sends Colombian Mercenaries to Yemen Fight. New York Times 2015:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Gastroenterology
ISSN (print)	0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
Scope	Gastroenterology