How to format your references using the Future Internet citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Future Internet. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaplan, K. Unmasking the Impostor. Nature 2009, 459, 468–469.

A journal article with 2 authors

Retchless, A.C.; Lawrence, J.G. Temporal Fragmentation of Speciation in Bacteria. Science 2007, 317, 1093–1096.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wynn, T.A.; Chawla, A.; Pollard, J.W. Macrophage Biology in Development, Homeostasis and Disease. Nature 2013, 496, 445–455.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen, G.-Y.; Tang, J.; Zheng, P.; Liu, Y. CD24 and Siglec-10 Selectively Repress Tissue Damage-Induced Immune Responses. Science 2009, 323, 1722–1725.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schroeder, K.; Thompson, T.; Frith, K.; Pencheon, D. Sustainable Healthcare; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781118342527.

An edited book

Progress in Cryptology – LATINCRYPT 2012: 2nd International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Santiago, Chile, October 7-10, 2012. Proceedings; Hevia, A., Neven, G., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012; Vol. 7533; ISBN 9783642334801.

A chapter in an edited book

Pacheco, F.T.; da Rocha, A.J. Ischemic Stroke in Children. In Critical Findings in Neuroradiology; Hoffmann Nunes, R., Abello, A.L., Castillo, M., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 45–53 ISBN 9783319279855.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Future Internet.

Blog post

Hale, T. This Church Has A Chandelier Made Entirely Of Human Bones (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Financial Literacy: Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Federal Government’s Role; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2012;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rardin, E.A. Corporate Psychopaths and Their Proclivity for Infiltrating Organizations. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. By the Time It Gets Dark. New York Times 2017, C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Future Internet
ISSN (online)	1999-5903
Scope