How to format your references using the Future Internet citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Future Internet. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, R. An End to Violence. Nature 2000, 406, 567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wyithe, J.S.B.; Loeb, A. Magnification of Light from Many Distant Quasars by Gravitational Lenses. Nature 2002, 417, 923–925.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Y.G.; Pagani, M.; Liu, Z. A 12-Million-Year Temperature History of the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Science 2014, 344, 84–87.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hsu, S.-H.; Li, C.-T.; Chien, H.-T.; Salunkhe, R.R.; Suzuki, N.; Yamauchi, Y.; Ho, K.-C.; Wu, K.C.-W. Platinum-Free Counter Electrode Comprised of Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF)-Derived Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bi, J. Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2015; ISBN 9781118994863.

An edited book

H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology; Mudry, J., Zwahlen, F., Bertrand, C., LaMoreaux, J.W., Eds.; Environmental Earth Sciences; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; ISBN 9783319061382.

A chapter in an edited book

Schaafsma, G.C.P.; Vihinen, M. Genetic Variation in Bruton Tyrosine Kinase. In Agammaglobulinemia; Plebani, A., Lougaris, V., Eds.; Rare Diseases of the Immune System; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; pp. 75–85 ISBN 9783319227139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Future Internet.

Blog post

Evans, K. Depicting Film Baddies With Skin Conditions Is Damaging To Real Sufferers, Say Dermatologists Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/depicting-film-baddies-with-skin-conditions-is-damaging-to-real-sufferers-say-dermatologists/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Contemplated Legislation To Provide Telecommunications for the Deaf; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1978;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harris, D.W. An Examination of the Impact of Computer-Based Animations and Visualization Sequence on Student Understanding of Hadley Cells in Atmospheric Circulation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park: College Park, MD, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W. Witness Cites Recipe for Toxic Air, and Debt, at Puerto Rico’s Power Company. New York Times 2016, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Future Internet
ISSN (online)	1999-5903
Scope