How to format your references using the Frontiers of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gupta, S. (2014) Skin colour: no hiding in the dark. Nature 515, S121-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vogt, N. & Desplan, C. (2010) Developmental biology. Flipping the light switch. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330, 454–455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cui, M., Emrick, T. & Russell, T.P. (2013) Stabilizing liquid drops in nonequilibrium shapes by the interfacial jamming of nanoparticles. Science (New York, N.Y.) 342, 460–463.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, D., Vader, G., Vromans, M.J.M., Lampson, M.A. & Lens, S.M.A. (2009) Sensing chromosome bi-orientation by spatial separation of aurora B kinase from kinetochore substrates. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323, 1350–1353.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baudin, P. (2014) Wireless Transceiver Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Agapito, L., Bronstein, M.M. & Rother, C. eds. (2015) Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops: Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-7 and 12, 2014, Proceedings, Part II. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Karlsson, H., Kontush, A. & James, R.W. (2015) Functionality of HDL: Antioxidation and Detoxifying Effects. In: High Density Lipoproteins: From Biological Understanding to Clinical Exploitation. (ed. by A. von Eckardstein and D. Kardassis), Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology., pp. 207–228, Springer International Publishing, Cham

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers of Biogeography.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017) Nearly 1 Billion People Worldwide Still Smoke Everyday. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/nearly-1-billion-people-worldwide-still-smoke-everyday/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Global Positioning System Augmentations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Felarca, C.U. (2012) A burning problem: Skin protection practices among college nursing students and non-nursing college students. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J. (2016) Picking a Portfolio With Pokéballs. New York Times,. 14 October:. p. BU19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gupta 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Vogt and Desplan 2010, Gupta 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vogt and Desplan 2010)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers of Biogeography
ISSN (online)	1948-6596
Scope