How to format your references using the Frontiers of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McNutt, M.K. (2006) Geophysics. Another nail in the plume coffin? Science (New York, N.Y.) 313, 1394–1395.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hansen, D.M. & Galetti, M. (2009) Ecology. The forgotten megafauna. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324, 42–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

Purdy, T.P., Peterson, R.W. & Regal, C.A. (2013) Observation of radiation pressure shot noise on a macroscopic object. Science (New York, N.Y.) 339, 801–804.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Srinivasan, R., Feenstra, J.S., Park, S.T., Xu, S. & Zewail, A.H. (2005) Dark structures in molecular radiationless transitions determined by ultrafast diffraction. Science (New York, N.Y.) 307, 558–563.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baudin, P. (2014) Wireless Transceiver Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Eriksson Lundström, J.S.Z., Wiberg, M., Hrastinski, S., Edenius, M. & Ågerfalk, P.J. eds. (2013) Managing Open Innovation Technologies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Gorlewski, J.A., Gorlewski, D.A. & Ramming, T.M. (2012) Standard 4. In: Theory into Practice: Case Stories for School Leaders. (ed. by D.A. Gorlewski and T.M. Ramming), Constructing Knowledge., pp. 51–62, SensePublishers, Rotterdam

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers of Biogeography.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017) Gene Therapy Uses Synthetic Virus To Cure Deafness. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gene-therapy-sythetic-virus-cure-deafness/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) NASA Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nasiriamini, S. (2010) The need for adaptive network application architectures. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M.J. (2017) Lattice to Seek Trump’s Ear for Chinese-Backed Deal. New York Times,. 1 September:. p. B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McNutt 2006).
This sentence cites two references (McNutt 2006, Hansen and Galetti 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hansen and Galetti 2009)
Three or more authors: (Srinivasan et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers of Biogeography
ISSN (online)	1948-6596
Scope