How to format your references using the Frontiers in Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thauer, R. K. (2001). Enzymology. Nickel to the fore. Science 293, 1264–1265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raviv, U., and Klein, J. (2002). Fluidity of bound hydration layers. Science 297, 1540–1543.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharp, P. M., Rayner, J. C., and Hahn, B. H. (2013). Evolution. Great apes and zoonoses. Science 340, 284–286.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sanderson, S. L., Cheer, A. Y., Goodrich, J. S., Graziano, J. D., and Callan, W. T. (2001). Crossflow filtration in suspension-feeding fishes. Nature 412, 439–441.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cayuela Valencia, R. (2013). The Future of the Chemical Industry by 2050. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Grösser, S. N., and Zeier, R. eds. (2012). Systemic Management for Intelligent Organizations: Concepts, Models-Based Approaches and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Caragiannis, I., Filos-Ratsikas, A., and Procaccia, A. D. (2011). “An Improved 2-Agent Kidney Exchange Mechanism,” in Internet and Network Economics: 7th International Workshop, WINE 2011, Singapore, December 11-14, 2011. Proceedings, eds. N. Chen, E. Elkind, and E. Koutsoupias (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 37–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Stroke.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). Experts Announce Plan to Create World’s First “Space Nation.” IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/experts-announce-plan-to-create-worlds-first-space-nation/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976). Review of Energy Research and Development Administration’s Requirements for Safety Analysis Reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bleviss, C. (2009). Constructing competence: Normalization and self-determination for people with developmental disabilities. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir, S. M., and Rosenberg, E. (2016). Recreation and Commerce Collide on City’s Crowded Waterways. New York Times, A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thauer, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Thauer, 2001; Raviv and Klein, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Raviv and Klein, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Sanderson et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Stroke
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology