How to format your references using the Frontiers in Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lenski, R. E. (2001). Genetics and evolution. Come fly, and leave the baggage behind. Science 294, 533–534.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson, C. L., and Spence, A. M. (2011). Epigenetic licensing of germline gene expression by maternal RNA in C. elegans. Science 333, 1311–1314.

A journal article with 3 authors

Curtis, R., Groarke, A., and Sullivan, F. (2014). Stress and self-efficacy predict psychological adjustment at diagnosis of prostate cancer. Sci. Rep. 4, 5569.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Uhlén, P., Laestadius, A., Jahnukainen, T., Söderblom, T., Bäckhed, F., Celsi, G., et al. (2000). Alpha-haemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli induces Ca2+ oscillations in renal epithelial cells. Nature 405, 694–697.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Minoli, D. (2004). A Networking Approach to Grid Computing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Loh, C. S., Sheng, Y., and Ifenthaler, D. eds. (2015). Serious Games Analytics: Methodologies for Performance Measurement, Assessment, and Improvement. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, B. (2012). “A New Mobile P2P Network Node Selection Approach,” in Information and Business Intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011. Proceedings, Part I, eds. X. Qu and Y. Yang (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 20–25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Stroke.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). Police Use DNA To Create “Sketch” Of Suspected Murderer. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/police-use-dna-to-create-sketch-of-suspected-murderer/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006). Weather Forecasting: National Weather Service Is Planning to Improve Service and Gain Efficiency, but Impacts of Potential Changes Are Not Yet Known. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freeman, M. J. (2012). Gene-environment interaction in early onset bipolar disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2016). ‘Today’ Host Discussing NBC Exit After Lewd Tape. New York Times, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lenski, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Lenski, 2001; Johnson and Spence, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Johnson and Spence, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Uhlén et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Stroke
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology