How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xie, Y. (2014). Sociology of science. “Undemocracy”: inequalities in science. Science 344, 809–810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gunnarsson, O., and Han, J. E. (2000). The mean free path for electron conduction in metallic fullerenes. Nature 405, 1027–1030.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, J., Park, J., and Choi, C. (2014). Identification of phenotype deterministic genes using systemic analysis of transcriptional response. Sci. Rep. 4, 4413.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhou, D., Guo, J., Xu, L., Gao, S., Lin, Q., Wu, Q., et al. (2014). Establishment and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for detection of cry1Ac transgenic sugarcane. Sci. Rep. 4, 4912.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wells, J. T. (2017). Corporate Fraud Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lee, M.-L. T., Gail, M., Pfeiffer, R., Satten, G., Cai, T., and Gandy, A. eds. (2013). Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Predictions. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

de Luca, A., and D’Alessandro, F. (2013). “Automi finiti,” in Teoria degli Automi Finiti, ed. F. D’Alessandro (Milano: Springer), 117–178.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013). Bilateral gynandromorphs - animals that are quite literally, half male and half female. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987). Inspectors General: Compliance With Professional Standards by the Transportation Inspector General. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meaux, B. (2015). Effect of Formation Deformation on Casing Standoff in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L. (2017). Trump Has Defended His Own Leak. He Has Been Far Less Forgiving of Others. New York Times, A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xie, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gunnarsson and Han, 2000; Xie, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gunnarsson and Han, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics
Abbreviation	Front. Neurosci.
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
Scope	General Neuroscience