How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vanmaekelbergh, D. (2015). Materials science: Superlattice substitution. Nature 524, 418–419.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gurdon, J. B., and Melton, D. A. (2008). Nuclear reprogramming in cells. Science 322, 1811–1815.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ambrose, K. V., Koppenhöfer, A. M., and Belanger, F. C. (2014). Horizontal gene transfer of a bacterial insect toxin gene into the Epichloë fungal symbionts of grasses. Sci. Rep. 4, 5562.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chapelle, F. H., O’Neill, K., Bradley, P. M., Methé, B. A., Ciufo, S. A., Knobel, L. L., et al. (2002). A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial community dominated by methanogens. Nature 415, 312–315.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety, and American Industrial Hygiene Association (2009). Continuous Monitoring for Hazardous Material Releases. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Velazco, R., Fouillat, P., and Reis, R. eds. (2007). Radiation Effects on Embedded Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Steuer, C. (2016). “The Role of Elections: The Recomposition of the Party System and the Hierarchization of Political Issues,” in Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements, eds. B. Rougier and S. Lacroix (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US), 81–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016). Two Zika Vaccines Found To Provide Total Immunity In Mice. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/two-zika-vaccines-found-to-provide-total-immunity-in-mice/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988). Highways: How State Agencies Adopt New Pavement Technologies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Filomena, T. P. (2010). Technology portfolio and capacity expansion under uncertainty. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, R. K. R., whose most recent book of poems is ’ ’Not This Island Music, Literature, ’ ’ Teaches, and writing at Bard College (1987). I AM NOT A HALFBACK. New York Times, 79.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vanmaekelbergh, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Gurdon and Melton, 2008; Vanmaekelbergh, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gurdon and Melton, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Chapelle et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics
Abbreviation	Front. Neurosci.
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
Scope	General Neuroscience