How to format your references using the Frontiers in Marine Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Marine Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaiser, R. (2006). Flowers and fungi use scents to mimic each other. Science 311, 806–807.

A journal article with 2 authors

Green, D. J., and Alemseged, Z. (2012). Australopithecus afarensis scapular ontogeny, function, and the role of climbing in human evolution. Science 338, 514–517.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bacci, A., Huguenard, J. R., and Prince, D. A. (2004). Long-lasting self-inhibition of neocortical interneurons mediated by endocannabinoids. Nature 431, 312–316.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Struzhkin, V. V., Eremets, M. I., Gan, W., Mao, H.-K., and Hemley, R. J. (2002). Superconductivity in dense lithium. Science 298, 1213–1215.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blackford, R., and Schüklenk, U. (2013). 50 Great Myths about Atheism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Catthoor, F. (2010). Ultra-Low Energy Domain-Specific Instruction-Set Processors., eds. P. Raghavan, A. Lambrechts, M. Jayapala, A. Kritikakou, and J. Absar. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Westerhof, N., Stergiopulos, N., and Noble, M. I. M. (2010). “Arterial Stenosis,” in Snapshots of Hemodynamics: An Aid for Clinical Research and Graduate Education, eds. N. Stergiopulos and M. I. M. Noble (Boston, MA: Springer US), 25–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Marine Science.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). Young Mice Exposed to Cat Pee Don’t Escape Later On. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/young-mice-exposed-cat-pee-dont-escape-later/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991). Weather Satellites: The U.S. Geostationary Satellite Program Is at a Crossroad. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hendricks-Harris, M. T. (2012). Quality Induction: The Effects of Comprehensive Induction on New Teacher Retention and Job Satisfaction. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010). Back-Scratching With a Global Reach. New York Times, B19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaiser, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Kaiser, 2006; Green and Alemseged, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Green and Alemseged, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Struzhkin et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Marine Science
Abbreviation	Front. Mar. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2296-7745
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography Ocean Engineering Global and Planetary Change Water Science and Technology