How to format your references using the Computers and Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2004. Ghosts in the machine. Nature 427, 867.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ammerman, A.J., McClennen, C.E., 2000. URBAN ECOLOGY: Saving Venice. Science 289, 1301–1302.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pendry, J.B., Martín-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F.J., 2004. Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces. Science 305, 847–848.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Coltman, D.W., O’Donoghue, P., Jorgenson, J.T., Hogg, J.T., Strobeck, C., Festa-Bianchet, M., 2003. Undesirable evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting. Nature 426, 655–658.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Praetorius, S., Schößer, B., 2016. Bentonithandbuch. Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Talbi, E.-G., Liardet, P., Collet, P., Lutton, E., Schoenauer, M. (Eds.), 2006. Artificial Evolution: 7th International Conference, Evolution Artificielle, EA 2005, Lille, France, October 26-28, 2005, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ryabov, V.V., Shevko, A.Y., Gora, M.P., 2014. Basalt Magma Differentiation as a Source of Variety in Traps, in: Shevko, A.Y., Gora, M.P. (Eds.), Trap Magmatism and Ore Formation in the Siberian Noril’sk Region: Volume 1. Trap Petrology, Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 275–328.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geosciences.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. The Quest For The World’s Hottest Chilli [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-quest-for-the-worlds-hottest-chilli/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. Educating Deaf Students at Federally Assisted Postsecondary Schools (No. 129130). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shimpeno, P.D., 2010. Consumed: Simple Choices, Complex Problems (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J., 2017. Grammy Awards Gain a Million More Viewers. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Ammerman and McClennen, 2000; Smaglik, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ammerman and McClennen, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Coltman et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geosciences
Abbreviation	Comput. Geosci.
ISSN (print)	0098-3004
Scope	Information Systems Computers in Earth Sciences

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