How to format your references using the Frontiers in Life Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Life Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes EC. 2004. Virology. 1918 and all that. Science. 303(5665):1787–1788.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shenoy SK, Rockman HA. 2011. Cardiovascular biology: heart fails without pump partner. Nature. 477(7366):546–547.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamamoto Y, Stock DW, Jeffery WR. 2004. Hedgehog signalling controls eye degeneration in blind cavefish. Nature. 431(7010):844–847.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Rohs R, West SM, Sosinsky A, Liu P, Mann RS, Honig B. 2009. The role of DNA shape in protein-DNA recognition. Nature. 461(7268):1248–1253.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malamed C. 2015. Visual Design Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Dev SM, Yedla S, editors. 2015. Cities and Sustainability: Issues and Strategic Pathways. New Delhi: Springer India.

A chapter in an edited book

Evans MMS, Grossniklaus U. 2009. The Maize Megagametophyte. In: Bennetzen JL, Hake SC, editors. Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. New York, NY: Springer; p. 79–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Life Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Viruses Are Highly Evolved Infectious Agents – Perfect To Go After Cancer. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Highway Safety: Fatalities in Light Trucks and Vans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Naughton CC. 2013. Assessing Appropriate Technology Handwashing Stations in Mali, West Africa [Doctoral dissertation]. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Erlanger S, Davis JH. 2017. Once Dominant, U.S. Is Now Isolated at G-20. New York Times.:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holmes 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Holmes 2004; Shenoy and Rockman 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shenoy and Rockman 2011)
Three or more authors: (Rohs et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Life Science
Abbreviation	Front. Life Sci.
ISSN (print)	2155-3769
ISSN (online)	2155-3777
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Neuroscience