How to format your references using the Frontiers in Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zaumseil J. Applied physics. Electronic control of circularly polarized light emission. Science (2014) 344:702–703.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li X, Xu J. Dietary and circulating lycopene and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep (2014) 4:5031.

A journal article with 3 authors

Squartini T, van Lelyveld I, Garlaschelli D. Early-warning signals of topological collapse in interbank networks. Sci Rep (2013) 3:3357.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Ahanger SH, Günther K, Weth O, Bartkuhn M, Bhonde RR, Shouche YS, Renkawitz R. Ectopically tethered CP190 induces large-scale chromatin decondensation. Sci Rep (2014) 4:3917.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biegelman MT. Faces of Fraud. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013).

An edited book

Wannemacker SD, Vandercruysse S, Clarebout G eds. Serious Games: The Challenge: ITEC/CIP and T 2011: Joint Conference of the Interdisciplinary Research Group on Technology, Education, and Communication, and the Scientific Network on Critical and Flexible Thinking Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. (2012). VIII, 91 p. 10 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Aparicio G, Ruiz-Roqueñi M, Catalán E. “A Model for Implementing Non-specific Competencies (NSCs) in Degree Studies, Defined Using a Delphi Study in Spanish Universities.,” In: Peris-Ortiz M, Merigó Lindahl JM, editors. Sustainable Learning in Higher Education: Developing Competencies for the Global Marketplace. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing (2015). p. 47–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Immunology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Immunotherapy: Training The Body To Fight Cancer. IFLScience (2017) https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/immunotherapy-training-the-body-to-fight-cancer/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. GAO Guide to Project Planning and Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (1978).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brawley K. A nutrition and physical activity curriculum for pregnant women. [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Reinhart MK. Kathryn Bertine and George Varhola Jr. New York Times (2010)ST14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Immunology
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope