How to format your references using the Frontiers in Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Norton DA. Species invasions and the limits to restoration: learning from the New Zealand experience. Science (2009) 325:569–571.

A journal article with 2 authors

Srinivasan K, Painter O. Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk-quantum dot system. Nature (2007) 450:862–865.

A journal article with 3 authors

Travis DJ, Carleton AM, Lauritsen RG. Contrails reduce daily temperature range. Nature (2002) 418:601.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Loarie SR, Duffy PB, Hamilton H, Asner GP, Field CB, Ackerly DD. The velocity of climate change. Nature (2009) 462:1052–1055.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geier R, Angelmaier V, Graubner C-A, Kohoutek J. Integrale Brücken. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA (2017).

An edited book

Zhong Z ed. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012: Volume 1. London: Springer (2013). XXV, 910 p. 262 illus., 36 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Wagner H, Bauer R, Melchart D, Xiao P-G, Staudinger A. “Radix et Rhizoma Asari — Xixin.,” In: Wagner H, Bauer R, Melchart D, Xiao P-G, Staudinger A, editors. Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Herbal Medicines: Thin-layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Drugs. Vienna: Springer (2011). p. 45–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Tropical Forests Will Still Exist In 2100 – But They Will Be A Sorry Sight. IFLScience (2015) https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tropical-forests-will-still-exist-2100-they-will-be-sorry-sight/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Central Artery/Tunnel Project: Cost and Financing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1996).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu T-WD. Isolation and Characterization of pco-1, which Encodes a Regulatory Protein that Controls Purine Degradation in Neurospora crassa. [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University (2003).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. QUICK BITE/Newark; The Best of Brazil. New York Times (2006)14NJ19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Immunology
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope